化一甲普物期末考解答

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1、化一甲普物期末考解答Jan20081.A.Assumethatthepressureoftheairinthebubbleisessentiallythesameasthepressureinthesurroundingwater.Ifdisthedepthofthelakeandristhedensityofwater,thenthepressureatthebottomofthelakeisp1=p0+rgd,wherep0isatmosphericpressure.Sincep1V1=nRT1,thenumberofmolesofgasintheb

2、ubbleisn=p1V1/RT1=(p0+rgd)V1/RT1,whereV1isthevolumeofthebubbleatthebottomofthelakeandT1isthetemperaturethere.Atthesurfaceofthelakethepressureisp0andthevolumeofthebubbleisV2=nRT2/p0.WesubstituteforntoobtainB.若是絕熱過程：，，2.ForanyprocessthatisdepictedasastraightlineonthepVdiagram—thewo

3、rkiswhichincludes,asspecialcases,W=pDVforconstant-pressureprocessesandW=0forconstant-volumeprocesses.Further,Eq.19-44withEq.19-51giveswherewehaveusedtheidealgaslawinthelaststep.Weemphasizethat,inordertoobtainworkandenergyinJoules,pressureshouldbeinPascals(N/m2)andvolumeshouldbein

4、cubicmeters.Thedegreesoffreedomforadiatomicgasisf=5.A.TheworkdoneduringtheprocessrepresentedbythediagonalpathiswhichyieldsWdiag=7.0×103J.B.TheinternalenergychangeisConsequently,thefirstlawofthermodynamicsgives1.A.定壓時氮氣的莫耳比熱為。因此，℃。B.2.對光子氣，等溫即等壓，對等壓過程，。注意即使溫度不變，但因體積增加，內能亦隨之增加：。熱量吸

5、收：。3.A.。B.平衡點在處，除了原點，還有C.，在平衡點處的速度v滿足:，，因此。到達的最遠處，速度為零，因此，因此。1.A.振幅：0.35m，波長：m，頻率：.0Hz。B.方向+x，速度m/s。C.m。