4 corpus-based approaches to contrastive linguistics and translation studies

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1、ContrastiveLinguisticsandCorporaStigJohansonAbstractThepaperconsidersdifferentwaysinwhichcomputercorporacanbeusedincontrastivelinguistics.ExamplesaredrawnfromstudiesbasedontheEnglish-NorwegianParallelCorpus,abidirectionaltranslationcorpusconsistingoforiginaltexts

2、ineachofthelanguagesandtheirtranslationsintotheotherlanguage.Themodelcombinesdifferenttypesofcorporawithinthesameoverallframeworkandeachtypecanbeusedtocontrolandsupplementtheother.Inthiswayitispossibletoidentifytranslationeffects,andtheobjectionswhicharegenerally

3、raisedtotheuseoftranslationcorporaincontrastivestudiescanbeovercome.Practicalapplicationsofcorpus-basedstudiesareconsidered,andsuggestionsaremadeforfutureworkinthearea.0.AimThehistoryoflinguisticsismarkedbyfrequentchangesintheoryandmethod.Contrastivelinguisticsis

4、noexception.Thispaperconsidersthemeetingofcontrastivelinguisticsandthenewapproachtothestudyoflanguagewhichisgenerallyreferredtobythetermcorpuslinguistics.Therehasbeenatremendousgrowthinthecompilationanduseofcorpora.Thishaspartlytodowiththeincreasinginterestamongl

5、inguistsinstudyinglanguagesinuse,ratherthanlinguisticsystemsintheabstract,butitisprimarilyconnectedwiththepossibilitiesofferedbycorporainmachine-readableform,so-calledcomputercorpora.Oneofthemostsignificantrecenttrendsisthedevelopmentofmultilingualcorporaforusein

6、cross-linguisticresearch,boththeoreticalandapplied,whichpromisestoleadtoarevitalizationofcontrastivelinguistics.0.Whatiscontrastivelinguistics?Contrastivelinguisticsissystematiccomparisonoftwoormorelanguages,withtheaimofdescribingtheirsimilaritiesanddifferences.T

7、heobjectiveofthecomparisonmayvary:Languagecomparisonisofgreatinterestinatheoreticalaswellasanappliedperspective.Itrevealswhatisgeneralandwhatislanguagespecificandisthereforeimportantforthestudyoftheindividuallanguagescompared.(Johansson&Hofland1994:25)Contrastive

8、linguisticsisthusnotaunifiedfieldofstudy.Thefocusmaybeongeneraloronlanguagespecificfeatures.Thestudymaybetheoretical,withoutanyimmediateapplication,oritmaybeap