基于大型称重式蒸渗仪研究北疆滴灌麦田蒸散量

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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2016,42(7):10581066http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01058基于大型称重式蒸渗仪研究北疆滴灌麦田蒸散量1211111,*李杰吴杨焕陈锐杨平柴顺喜崔静马富裕12石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003;新疆生产建设兵团农六师农科所,新疆五家渠831300摘要:基于大型称重式蒸渗仪研究了北疆地区滴灌冬

2、小麦不同时段(生育阶段、日、时)的农田水分蒸散特征,分析了气温、相对湿度、风速等因子对农田水分蒸散的影响及产量和蒸散的关系,旨在为北疆地区滴灌冬小麦的灌溉制度制定提供理论依据。3个灌水处理分别为全生育期灌溉375、600和750mm。结果表明,在滴灌冬小麦全生育期内日蒸散量为抽穗–乳熟>拔节–抽穗>乳熟–成熟>返青–拔节>播种–越冬>越冬–返青;在一天中,滴灌冬小麦农田水分蒸散主要发生在8:00–20:00,夜间20:00–8:00蒸散量较小且比较稳定,时蒸散量随天气变化而改变。滴灌条件下,冬小麦的棵间蒸发量占农田水分蒸散的25.2%~28.3%。棵间蒸发与土壤含水率和叶面积指数具有良好的

3、二元二次模拟关系,拟合系数为0.98。综合产量和水分利用效率,滴灌冬小麦的蒸散量为600~650mm。本研究对合理制定滴灌冬小麦的灌溉制度具有重要的参考价值。关键词:滴灌;冬小麦;农田水分蒸散;棵间蒸发MeasurementofEvapotranspirationforDrip-IrrigatedWinterWheatUsingLargeWeighingLysimeterinNorthernXinjiang1211111,*LIJie,WUYang-Huan,CHENRui,YANGPing,CHAIShun-Xi,CUIJin,andMAFu-Yu1AgriculturalCollege

4、,ShiheziUniversity/KeyLaboratoryofOasisEco-agricultureofXinjiangProductionConstructionCorps,Shihezi832000,2China;SixthDivisionAgriculturalScienceofXinjiangProductionandConstructionCorps,Wujiaqu831300,ChinaAbstract:Drip-irrigationisapromisingwater-savingtechniqueinaridagriculturalarea.Tosepupeffici

5、entdrip-irrigationsys-temsforwinterwheatgrowninnorthernXinjiangtableland,wemeasuredtheevapotranspiration(ET)rateofwheatfieldusinglarge-scaleweighinglysimeterandanalyzedthetemporalresponsesofET(ingrowingphase,dailyandhourly)toairtemperature,relativehumidityandwindspeed.Threetreatmentsweredesignedwi

6、thirrigationamountsof375(D1),600(D2),and750mm(D3).Duringthewholegrowingperiodofwheat,dailyETratevariedindifferentphases,showingheading–milk>joint-ing–heading>milk–maturity>regreening–jointing>sowing–overwintering>overwintering–regreening.Duringaday,hourlyETwasinhighlevelfrom8:00to20:00andstablefro

7、m20:00to8:00ofnext,whichvariedwithweathercondition.Underdrip-irrigationcondition,theratioofsoilevaporationtoETwas25.2–28.3%duringtheentiregrowingseason.Soilevaporation2couldbepredictedwithsoilmoistureandleafareai