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1、troublewiththeheroJordan,yetheisamaincharacterashiswifePilaris.Minorcharactersarethoseinremoteandstaticrelationwiththehero.Itiswrongtothinkthatminorcharactersareallunimportant.Insomenovels,oneorsomeoftheminorcharactersmayserveacriticalrole,structurallyorinterpretation
2、ally. Foilcharactersareonesthathelpenhancetheintensityoftheherobystrengtheningor contrasting.Theymaybemaincharactersorminorcharacters.Inaword,theyserveasfoilstotheheroorheroine.CohninTheSunAlsoRisesisagoodexample.Heisoneofthemaincharacters.LikeJake,heisalso“lost,”tryi
3、ngvainlytoescapethepastbycourtingwomenanddrinking.ButduringtheirstayinSpain,CohndisplaysqualitiesincontrasttothosecherishedbyJake,whichmakesJakerealizehisownproblemsandfinallyfindasolution,thoughtemporarily.Cohnworksmainlybycontrast.WilsoninTheGreatGatsbyworksbypresen
4、ting.GatsbylosthislovertoTomandWilsonlosthiswifetoTom.BypresentingWilson’scasethenovelistintendstopointouttheprofoundcauseofGatsby’stragedy.Dr.WatsoninthestoriesofSherlockHolmesservesasafoiltothehero,renderingthedetectivesmarterthanhewouldotherwiseappeartothereader. B
5、ythedegreeoftheirdevelopment,characterscanbegroupedasroundcharactersand flatcharacters.ThisdivisionisproposedbyE.MForster.Roundcharactersarefullydevelopedwhileflatcharactersarenot.Orwecansaythatroundcharactersgrowwhileflatcharactersdonot.Usuallythereaderisallowedacces
6、stotheinnerlifeoftheroundcharacterandpermittedtolearnaboutmanysidesoftheroundcharacter.Theflatcharacterisa“closed”charactertowhoseinnerthoughtsthereaderisdeniedaccess.Usuallyonesideoftheflatcharacterisshowninthenovel.Mostheroesareroundcharacterswhogrowemotionallyorspi
7、ritually. ChapterThreeTheme AristotleinPoeticslistssixbasicelementsoftragedy.Melody(song)anddiction(language)fallinthegeneralcategoryofstyle,andspectacleisrelevanttosettinginourdiscussionoffiction.Theotherthreeaspectsaremythosorplot,ethosorcharacter,anddianoia,whichwe
8、generallytranslateinto“thought”inEnglish.AccordingtoAristotle,plotisthe“soul”orshapingprincipleorfiction,andcharactersexistp
