资源描述：
《the poverty effects of social protection in europe eu enlargement and its lessons for developing countries》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、ThepovertyeffectsofsocialprotectioninEurope:EUenlargementanditslessonsfordevelopingcountriesBeaCantillonItisbynomeansevidentthatconclusionsdrawnfromEuropeanexperienceswithsocialprotectionmaybetransposedtothedevelopingcountries.Thereare,afterall,verysubstantialeconomic,dem
2、ographicandculturaldifferencestotakeintoaccount.Onewayofbridgingthedividebetweenthetwogroupsofcountriesistolookatthehistoryofthenow-richpowersandtoascertaintheextenttowhichtheirresponsestoprotestsagainstpovertyandinjusticeremainrelevanttothesituationsoflow-incomepopulatio
3、nstoday.Throughtrialanderror,andmeasuredresponsestomovementsprotestinghardshipandinjustice,thegovernmentsofthethen-emergingwelfarestateswereslowlyabletodevelopeffectiveanti-povertypolicies.Socialsecuritysystemsweregraduallybroughtintobeing.Thislonghistoryundoubtedlyholdsf
4、ascinatinglessonsforthepoorcountriesthataregoingthroughsometimesunspeakablehardshipstoday.However,thediversityofoutcomesintermsofsocialprotectioninthenow-richpowersisequallyfascinating.Present-dayEuropeansystemsvarygreatly.Identifyingquitewhattheireffectsareintermsofreduc
5、ingpovertyandenhancingorobstructingeconomicgrowthiscruciallyimportant.Thepresentchapterisratherdescriptiveinnature.Itexploreswhatweknowaboutsocialsecurity,poverty,andincomeinequalityintherichwelfarestates.Iwillnotdwelluponthehistoricaldevelopmentofthesocialsecuritysystems
6、,nordiscussthevarioussocialmodelsthatexistinEuropetoday.Instead,IwillrestrictmyargumenttoareadingoftheEuropeansocialindicatorsonpoverty,employmentandwelfareandhowtheyrelatetotheso-calledwelfareeffort,i.e.thevolumeofpublicspendingonsocialsecurity.Althoughthisapproachdoesno
7、tallowconclusionstobedrawnonpossiblecausalrelationships,itwillindicatewhetherandtowhatextentpovertyinrichnationsisrelatedtotheireconomicbase,employmentandsocialprotection.Thechapterwillstartwithashortelucidationoftheindicatorsapplied,whichisespeciallysignificantgiventhedi
8、fferentmeaningthatcanbeattributedtothenotionofpovertyinrelationtotheaffluentwestontheonehandandt
