湖南省长沙市师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三下学期月考卷（七）英语Word版含解析.docx

《湖南省长沙市师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三下学期月考卷（七）英语Word版含解析.docx》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷(七)英语试卷注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthespeakersmostlikelydo?A.Wintherace.B.Takephotos.C.Enjoythetravel.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Grace,weareplanningtoattendanothereventontheGreatwall.Wouldyouliketojoinusagain?W:I’dloveto.Lasttimemylegswereverysore.M:Thatwasbecauselasttimeyouwantedtowin.Let’sjustenjoytheexperiencethistime.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthehotel.B.Atthelaundryplace.C.Attheclothingstore.【答案】B第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【解析】【原文】W:Goodafternoon,sir.whatcanIdoforyou?M:Yes,andIneedthissuitbyThursday.Ithasawinespotonit,butI’mhopingyoucangetitout.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A.Sheisadoctor’sassistant.B.Sheisahotelclerk.C.Sheisapoliceofficer.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Hello,IhaveanappointmentwithMr.Martin.Canyoutellmewherehisofficeis?W:Yes,youcantaketheelevatoruptotheeighteenthfloorandthenturnright.HisofficeisnexttotheX-rayDepartment.M:Thanks.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whenwillthespeakersneedtoleavefortheopera?A.At5:30p.m.B.At6:30p.m.C.At7:30p.m.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:David,areyouexcitedtogettoseePekingOpera?M:Yes,Ihavebeenlookingforwardtoitallweek.Whattimeshouldweleave?W:Theshowstartsat6:30p.m.,butittakesonehourtogetthere.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Thecomputerisoutofdate.B.Thecomputerisvirus-infected.C.Thecomputerneedsclearing.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:MYComputeriswaytooslow.IOnlyboughtitacoupleofyearsago.W:Maybeitjustneedstobecleanedup.Thecomputerrepairmancangetridofanyfilesthatyoudon’tneedanymore.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhatdoesSophialiketoaddintoherteamost?A.Milk.B.Sugar.C.Fruit.7.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Makingtea.B.Eatingsugar.C.Buyingtea.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】M:ICan’tbelieveyoumaketealikethat,Sophia!W:Mymothertaughtmethat.M:Haveyouevertriedanyotherkindsoftea?W:No.It’stheonlytypeofteaIhavetried.M:Well,youareinChinanow.ItistimeforyoutolearnhowtomakesomeChinesetea.Howaboutifwestartwithdifferentkindsofteathatyoucantry?Whatdoyoulike?W:Ijustdrinkblacktea.ThenIaddsugarandmilk.Iliketoaddalotofsugar.MybrothersandsistersmakeitthesamewayasIdo.M:Okay,Iwillgetsomesweetteaforyoutohaveataste.Oncewefindwhatyoulike,Iwillshowyouhowtomakeit.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Howdoesthemanchooseclassesaccordingtothewoman?A.Byskilllevel.B.Byage.C.Byheight.9.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Dosometraining.B.Introducesomemartialarts.C.ArrangeaTaiChiobservationclass.【答案】8.A9.C【解析】第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【原文】W:Hello,thankyouforcallingtheBaseGym.Howcanhelpyou?M:Hi,aminterestedinsigningupforaTaichiclass.W:Okay.WehavefourdifferentclassesforTaichi.Itdependsonyourskilllevel.Haveyouhadanyexperiencebefore?M:No,IWillbeabeginner.I’veneverdoneanytypesofmartialartsbefore.Ijustwanttotrysomethingdif-ferent.DoyouhaveaclasscouldjustwatchtoseeifIWouldlikeit?W:Yes,IcansetupatimeforYoutomeetourtrainer.HisnameisMike.HehasaclassonThursdaynightforbeginners.M:Well,thatsoundsnice.Thankyou.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whydidthezoobuildanewmonkeypark?A.Itwastoosmallfortheadditionalmonkeys.BItneededatreehousetobemoreinteresting.C.Thezooneededtochangeitsparktogetmorevisitors.11.Whatactivitydoesthemanseemtobemostinterestedin?A.Watchingtheturtles.B.Watchingthemonkeys.C.Feedingtheturtles.12.Wheremaythisconversationtakeplace?A.Inthepark.B.Inacar.C.Inthezoo.【答案】10.A11.C12.B【解析】【原文】M:Anna,whatwouldyouliketoseewhenwegettothezoo?W:IWanttoseethemonkeys.Ithas20newmonkeys.Theparkwastoosmallforallofthem,sotheZoomadeabiggerone.It’snowcalledtheLostForest.Youcanclimbaladderandwatchthemfromatree-house.M:Thatsoundsfun.IfthereisanewparkintheZoo,theworkersmaybeverybusy.Ifwecannotseethemonkeys，whatelsewouldyouliketosee?W:IWanttogototheaquariumandwatchtheturtles.MYfriendtoldmethattherearetwokindsofturtlesbasedonwhattheyeat.Forexample,theplant-basedturtlescaneatsweetpotatoes,cabbageandgreenbeans.wecanalsowatchthemswimandplay.M:Thatsoundswonderful.IWanttofeedthem,whichattractsmemot.W:Me,too.Ican’twaittogetthere.I’msoexcited!It’sreallyapitythatwearecaughtinatrafficjam.第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Neighbors.C.Policeandwitness.14.WhendidMr.Smithseetherobber?A.Whenhedroveonhiswaytowork.B.Whenhewalkedonhiswayhome.C.Whenhetookawalkinapark.15.Whatwastherobberwearing?A.Bluejeans.B.Ayellowhat.C.Brownshoes.16Whatisthewoman’slastquestionabouttherobber?A.Theweaponshehad.B.Thecolorofhisclothes.C.Hisfigure.【答案】13.C14.B15.A16.C【解析】【原文】W:Thankyouforcomingdowntoday,Mr.smith.wouldYoulikeacupoftea?M:No,thankyou.W:Okay,Mr.smith.PleasetelluswhatyouexperiencedonthenightofMarch15th.M:Well,Iusuallydrivehome.ButmycarhappenedtobeinarepairshopthatdaywhenwaswalkinghomefromworkthatnightIsawayoungladytakingawalkinthepark.Suddenly,aguywithablackmaskcameoutofnowhereandgrabbedherbag.W:Didtherobberhaveaknife?M:Ididn’tseeanyweapons.Hepushedtheladydowntothegroundandranaway.W:Didyouseewhatelsehewaswearing?M:Hehadabrownhatonandwaswearingbluejeansandyellowshoes.W:Doyoustillrememberhowtallheis?Whattypeofbuilddoeshehave?M:Letmesee.Heseemstobealittletallerandalittleheavierthanme.I’mfivefeettallandIWeigh180pounds.W:That’sveryhelpfulMr.Smith.Thankyou.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 17.WhatdoweknowaboutVikings’beliefsaboutteeth?A.Theyvaluetheteethalot.B.Theythinkteetharegoodweapons.C.Theythinkteethshouldn’tbeburied.18.WhydoesthespeakermentionoldEuropeantraditions?A.ToshowtheconnectionbetweenVikingsandtoothcare.B.Toshowtheconnectionbetweenteethandgoodluck.C.Toshowtheconnectionbetweenteethandanimals.19.HowmanyanimalsdoesthespeakermentionrelatedtotheToothFairytale?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.20.HowcantheToothFairytalehelpchildrenaccordingtothespeaker?A.Itcanentertainthem.B.Ithelpsthemtaketoothcareseriously.C.Itmakeschildrenlovethestory.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.B【解析】【原文】AStudydoneintheUnitedStatesfoundthattheaveragechildreceives$3.70pertooth.oftenthestorygoessomethinglikethis:childrenputtheirlostteethunderapillowandreceivemoneyinexchange.TodaywewilldiscusssomedifferentaspectsoftheToothFairy.InearlyEuropeantraditionsachild’slosttoothwasburied.Familiesbelievedthatthiscouldsavetheirchildfromahardlifeintheirnextlife.Vikingsusedtotaketheirchildren’slostteethinbattleforgoodluckandsomepeopleburiedtheirteethoutoffearofwitches.Theseweresomeearlierideasthatconnectedteethwithgoodluck.ThecurrenttaleofaToothFairyusuallyinvolvesananimal.Therearemanydifferentversionsdependingoncultureandtime.Themostcommonthemeisassociatedwithamouseorarabbit,butothersincludecats,dogs,andevensquirrels.Thereasonsforthedifferentanimalsvary.Forexample,amousehasbeenconnectedtotheToothFairytalebecauseitsteethcontinuetogrowfortheentirelife.RegardlessofthebackgroundoftheToothFairy,itprovidesgreateducationforchildrentotakecareoftheirteeth.Italsohelpspeoplepayattentiontotoothcareinapositiveandfunway.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Expertshavegatheredandrankedthetop4electriccarcompanies.TeslaMotorsTeslaMotorswasresponsibleforbreakingtheEVmarketopenforwidespreadadoption,andit’scurrentlythemostpopularelectriccarmakerbyahealthymargin.WhiletheTeslaRoadsterwasthefirsttoarrive,itwasthemorepracticalModelSsedanthattooktheautomakertothenextlevel.ItestablishedmanyTeslahall-marks,fromthelargeinfotainmenttablettolongbatteryrangetoseat-pinningacceleration.FordMotorCompanyForddippeditstoesintotheEVworldwiththeFordFocusElectric,butithadashortrange.FordmadeabiggersplashwiththeintroductionoftheMustangMach-Eforthe2021modelyear.TheadoptionoftheMus-tangnamebyanelectricSUVinitiallyriledupMustangpurists,butoncethedustsettled,theMach-EprovedtobeoneofourfavoriteEVs.GeneralMotorsGeneralMotorsgotitsstartmakingmodernEVsinthelate1990swiththeinfamousEV1.Itwasasmallelectriccarthatwasperhapsaheadofitstimegiventhatneitherthemarketnorthecharginginfrastructureex-isted.TheautomakerlaunchedtheChevroletBoltEVin2017.Itcameontothemarketafterthesuccessofthelow-costNissanLeafandgroundbreakingTeslaModelS.HyundaiMotorsHyundaianditssistercompany,Kia,areSouthKoreanautomakersthathavemadebigstridesintheEVworldinrecentyears.TheystartedwiththeHyundaiKonaElectricandtheKiaNiroEV,whichwereelectricversionsofexistinggas-poweredvehicles.Theautomakers’nextpairofelectricSUVswillmakeasplashwiththeirretroandfuturisticstyling.21.WhoseEVhasafeatureofseat-pinningacceleration?A.TeslaMotors.B.FordMotorCompany.C.GeneralMotors.D.HyundaiMotors.22.WhatisspecialwithHyundaiMotors?A.It’sthepioneerforEV.B.It’saSouthKoreancompany.C.It’sthemostpopularEVmaker.D.Itsgas-poweredSUVslookveryfuturistic.23.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.TopromotethesalesofEVs.B.ToentertainreaderswithsomepopularEVs.C.Toshowtheauthor’spreferencesforsomeEVs.第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 D.TointroducetopelectriccarcompaniesandtheirEVs.【答案】21.A22.B23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了四家顶级电动汽车公司以及生产的电动汽车的特征。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据TeslaMotors中的“ItestablishedmanyTeslahall-marks,fromthelargeinfotainmenttablettolongbatteryrangetoseat-pinningacceleration.”（它奠定了特斯拉的许多标志，从大型信息娱乐平板电脑到长电池续航里程，再到座椅固定加速。）可知，TeslaMotors有座椅固定加速。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据HyundaiMotors中的“Hyundaianditssistercompany,Kia,areSouthKoreanautomakersthathavemadebigstridesintheEVworldinrecentyears.”（现代及其姊妹公司起亚(Kia)是近年来在电动汽车领域取得重大进展的韩国汽车制造商。）可知，HyundaiMotors是一家韩国公司。故选B项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Expertshavegatheredandrankedthetop4electriccarcompanies.”（专家们聚集在一起，对四大电动汽车公司进行了排名）以及对四家公司车型的介绍可知，短文的目的是介绍了四家顶级电动汽车公司以及其生产的电动汽车的特征。故选D项。BThisChristmas,RenateBello,56,willspendtheholidaytakingcareofherneighbor’sdogsinEasthampton,Mass.It’sthesamewayshespentThanksgiving.Withoutanyfamilyorclosefriendsnearby,holidayscanbeanespeciallylonelytime,shesaid.Forher,petsittingisajoy,andonewaythatshecopeswithsolitude.“Iknowanumberofpeople,”shesaid.“ButtheyarenotnecessarilypeopleIwouldcalluptosay,‘Let’sgohangout.”Ms.Belloownsamedicalbillingbusinessthatoftenrequireslonghoursathome,whichcontributestoherisolation.“Idon’thaveanylife,andIneedtofindthatbalance”,shesaid.Buttakingfriendshipstothenextlevelcanbedifficult,Ms.Belloadded.Sometimes,sheadmitted,shefeels“inadequate”—likeanout-sider.It’sconcerning,then,thatmorethanhalfofAmericanssaytheyarelonely,accordingtoa2021poll.“Weallfeellonelyattimesjustlikeweallfeelhungerorthirst,”Dr.Murthy,apsychologistfromNYU,said.“Thereisnoreasontobeashamedofbeinghuman.”Eventhosewhohaveplentyoffriendscanexperienceloneliness.Buildingrelationshipstakestime.Trynottoexpecttoomuchinitially.“Oftenittakesaseriesofencounters,”saidCharlesT.Hill,aprofessorofsocialpsychologyatWhittierCollege.Asyougettoknowpeople,askyourself:WhocanIconnectwithatadeeplevel?Whowillbethereforme?Moreoftenthannot,wetendtoconnectwiththosewhosharecommonalitieswithus.“Ifyou’reabookworm,don’texpectyournextbestbuddyatthebar,”said第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 LouiseHawkley,aresearchscientistwhostudieslonelinessatNORC,asocialresearchorganizationattheUniversityofChicago.Volunteeringisalsoawaytobroadenoursocialnetworksthatcanfeellessanxiety-provokingthan,say,showingupataparty.Inastudyof10,000volunteersinBritain,abouttwo-thirdsagreedthatvolunteeringhadhelpedthemfeellessisolated.“Lonelypeoplehavemorecontroloverthesituationthantheythinktheydo,”Dr.Hawkleysaid.24.WhatdoweknowaboutMs.Bello?A.Sheisasuccessfulandindependententrepreneur.B.Shealwaysputsherjobbeforeherfamilyandfriends.C.Shelongstobuilddeeperconnectionswithpeople.D.Sheprefersdogstohumansonholidayoccasions.25.WhichstatementmightDr.Murthyagreeon?A.Lonelypeoplearemorelikelytofeelstarved.B.Lonelinessisauniversalhumanexperience.C.Feelingembarrassedoflonelinessisunavoidable.D.Denyinglonelinesscontributestobetterself-esteem.26.Toimprovethequalityofsocialconnections,oneisencouragedtodothefollowingEXCEPT________.A.loweringtheirexpectationandbeingpatientB.goingtopartiesasoftenaspossibleC.socializingwithpeoplewhosharecommoninterestsD.offeringsupporttosomeoneelse27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowtokillsolitudeforgoodB.Loneliness:nottheendoftheworldC.AfriendinneedisafriendindeedD.Tosocializeornottosocialize—thatisaquestion【答案】24.C25.B26.B27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状，并指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态，还提供了解决孤独的办法。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Forher,petsittingisajoy,andonewaythatshecopeswithsolitude.(对她来说，照看宠物是一种乐趣，也是她应对孤独的一种方式)”以及第二段“Ms.Belloownsamedicalbillingbusinessthatoftenrequireslonghoursathome,whichcontributestoherisolation.(Bello女士拥有一家医疗账单公司，她经常需要长时间呆在家里，这导致了她的孤独感)”可知，MsBello第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 感到孤独，并渴望化解这样的孤独，与人建立更深联系。故选C。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段““Weallfeellonelyattimesjustlikeweallfeelhungerorthirst,”Dr.Murthy,apsychologistfromNYU,said.“Thereisnoreasontobeashamedofbeinghuman.”Eventhosewhohaveplentyoffriendscanexperienceloneliness.(“我们都会感到孤独，就像我们都会感到饥饿或口渴一样。没有理由为身为人类而感到羞耻。”纽约大学的心理学家Murthy博士说。即使是那些有很多朋友的人也会感到孤独)”可知，Murthy博士认为大家都会感到孤独，这是很正常的事情。由此可知，他会同意“孤独是一种普遍的人类体验”的观点。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Buildingrelationshipstakestime.Trynottoexpecttoomuchinitially.(建立关系需要时间。一开始不要期望太多)”和“Asyougettoknowpeople,askyourself:WhocanIconnectwithatadeeplevel?Whowillbethereforme?Moreoftenthannot,wetendtoconnectwiththosewhosharecommonalitieswithus.(当你开始了解别人的时候，问问自己：我能和谁建立深层次的联系？谁会支持我？通常情况下，我们倾向于与那些与我们有共同之处的人联系)”以及第五段“Volunteeringisalsoawaytobroadenoursocialnetworksthatcanfeellessanxiety-provokingthan,say,showingupataparty.(志愿服务也是一种拓宽我们的社交网络的方式，它不会像出现在聚会上那样让人感到那么焦虑)”可知，作者的建议包括尽量不要期望太高，且保持耐心，与那些与我们有共同点的人建立联系，以及做志愿工作，帮助他人，不包括“尽可能多地参加聚会”。故选B。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状，并指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态，还提供了解决孤独的办法。由此可知，文章的中心是孤独并不可怕，有很多在我们能力范围内可以解决的办法。B选项“孤独：不是世界末日”最适合作文章标题。故选B。CDoyoufindyourselffeelingdowninthewintermonths?You’renotalone.Asthedaysgrowshorter,theAmericanPsychiatricAssociationestimatesthatabout5%ofAmericanswillexperienceaformofdepressionknownasseasonalaffectivedisorder,orSAD.PeopleexperiencingSADtendtohavefeelingsofhopelessness,decreasedmotivationtotakepartinactivitiestheygenerallyenjoy,andlaziness.Eventhosewhodon’tmeettheclinicalthreshold(阈值)forthisdisordermayseeincreasesinanxietyanddepressivesymptoms;infact,someestimatessuggestmorethan40%ofAmericansexperiencethesesymptomstosomedegreeinthewintermonths.ScientistslinkSADandmoregeneralincreasesindepressioninthewintertodecreasedexposuretosunlight,第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 whichleadstolowerlevelsoftheneurotransmitterserotonin(血清素).Consistentwiththeideathatsunlightplaysakeyrole,SADtendstobemorecommoninmorenorthernregionsoftheworld,likeScandina-viaandAlaska,wherethedaysareshortestandthewinterslongest.Humans,specialaswemaybe,arenotuniqueinshowingsomeoftheseseasonallylinkedchanges.Forinstance,ourprimate(灵长目动物)relativetheRhesusmacaque(恒河猴)showsseasonaldeclinesinmood.SomescientistshavenotedthatSADshowsmanysimilaritiestohibernationthelongsnoozeduringwhichbrownbears,groundsquirrelsandmanyotherspeciesturndowntheirmetabolism(新陈代谢)andskipoutontheworstofwinter.SADmayhaveitsrootsinadaptationsthatconserveenergyatatimeofyearwhenfoodwastypicallyinshortsupplyandwhenlowertemperaturesposegreaterenergeticdemandsonthebody.Likemanyotheranimals,wetooareseasonalcreatures.Inthewinter,peopleeatmoreandmoveless.Youmayfeelabitmorelifeless,whilealsobeingkindertoothersandhavinganeasiertimepayingattention.Aspsychologistsandotherscientistsresearchthesekindsofseasonaleffects,itmayturnoutthattheonesweknowaboutsofarareonlythetipoftheiceberg.28.WhichofthefollowingsymptomsisunlikelytobeconnectedwithSAD?A.Feelingdesperate.B.Lackofmotivation.C.Sleepdisorder.D.Lossofhabitats.29.SADmayresultfrom____.A.coldclimateB.warmsunshineC.sufficientfoodD.psychologicalreaction30.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theevolutionofanimals.B.Theharshconditionsforanimals.C.ThepotentialcauseofSAD.D.Thechangeofseasons.31.WhichofthefollowingmethodsmightrelievepeopleofSAD?A.Decreasingtheamountofsleep.B.Receivinglighttherapies.C.Stayinglessfocused.D.Showingindifferencetoothers.【答案】28.D29.A30.C31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是季节性情感抑郁症（SAD）的部分症状以及形成原因，而且通过对比分析指出季节性抑郁症并非人类独有，有些动物为了适应气候变冷而通过冬眠或新陈代谢来度过寒冷的冬天。【28题详解】第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“PeopleexperiencingSADtendtohavefeelingsofhopelessness,decreasedmotivationtotakepartinactivitiestheygenerallyenjoy,andlaziness.Eventhosewhodon’tmeettheclinicalthreshold(阈值)forthisdisordermayseeincreasesinanxietyanddepressivesymptoms;(患有SAD的人往往会感到绝望，缺乏参加他们通常喜欢的活动的动力，并且懒惰。即使那些没有达到临床阈值的人也可能会出现焦虑和抑郁症状的增加；)”可知患有SAD的人往往会感到绝望，缺乏参加他们通常喜欢的活动的动力，并且懒惰，C项Sleepdisorder(睡眠紊乱)是人焦虑的明显表现，D项Lossofhabitats.(栖息地的丧失)不是情感抑郁症的表现。故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ScientistslinkSADandmoregeneralincreasesindepressioninthewintertodecreasedexposuretosunlight,whichleadstolowerlevelsoftheneurotransmitterserotonin(血清素).(科学家将SAD和冬季抑郁症的普遍增加与日照减少有关，日照减少会导致神经递质血清素水平降低。)”以及“Consistentwiththeideathatsunlightplaysakeyrole,SADtendstobemorecommoninmorenorthernregionsoftheworld(与阳光起关键作用的观点一致，SAD在世界上更北部的地区更常见)”可知SAD与日照减少有关，尤其是在阳光缺少的地方更常见，所以SAD可能是由寒冷的气候导致的。故选A项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段开头“Humans,specialaswemaybe,arenotuniqueinshowingsomeoftheseseasonallylinkedchanges.(人类虽然很特别，但并不是只有人类表现出这些与季节有关的变化。)”以及最后“SADmayhaveitsrootsinadaptationsthatconserveenergyatatimeofyearwhenfoodwastypicallyinshortsupplyandwhenlowertemperaturesposegreaterenergeticdemandsonthebody.(SAD的根源可能是在一年中食物通常短缺的时候，当较低的温度对身体产生更大的能量需求时，身体会适应保存能量。)”可知SAD并不是人类所独有的，动物们也会患有SAD，通过举例作者指出SAD的产生可能是人与动物对于寒冷冬天食物短缺的适应，所以第四段主要谈论的是SAD产生的可能原因。故选C项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ScientistslinkSADandmoregeneralincreasesindepressioninthewintertodecreasedexposuretosunlight,(科学家将SAD和冬季抑郁症的普遍增加与日照减少联系起来，)”以及文章其他段落内容可知SAD的主要是SAD与日照减少有关，尤其是在阳光缺少的地方更常见，所以减轻SAD的有效的方法应该是尽可能多地晒太阳或尝试光治疗。故选B项。DCaribbeanboxjellyfish(水母)canlearntospotandavoidobstacles(障碍)despitelackingacentralbrain,accordingtoanewstudy.Thisisthefirstevidencethatjellyfishcandosomethingcalledassociativelearning.ThenervoussystemsofCaribbeanboxjellyfisharefairlysimple,includingfour“rhopalia(视神经束)”onajellyfish’s第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 body,eachofwhichhassix“eyes”,bywhichthejellyfishjudgeamangroveroot’sdistancebasedonhowdarkitlookscomparedtothewaterandmaketheirwayroundit.Incommonwaters,nearbyrootshavehighcontrast.Onlydistantrootsfadeintothebackground.Butinmurkywaters,evennear-byrootscanblendintotheirsurroundingsandhavelowcontrast.TheresearcherswonderedifCaribbeanboxjellyfishcouldlearnthatlow-contrastobjects-whichmightatfirstseemdistant-wereactuallycloseby.Tofindout,theteamput12jellyfishintoaroundwatertank.Thetankwassurroundedbylow-contrastgrayandwhitestripes(条纹),whichmightappeartoajellyfishlikerootsinclearwater.Acamerafilmedtheanimalsforaboutsevenminutes.Atfirst,theyseemedtoseethegraystripesasdistantrootsandswamaway,endingupbumpingthetankwall.Butthosecollisions(碰撞)seemedtoleadthejellyfishtoreconsiderthestripes.Soon,thecreaturestreatedthegraystripesmorelikecloserootsinmurkywater-andavoidedthem.Thissuggeststhattherhopaliaalonecanlearnthatseeminglydistant,low-contrastobjectsareinfactcloseenoughtoavoid.That,inturn,hintsthatthesenervecentersarebehindCaribbeanboxjellyfishlearning.“That’sthecoolestpartofthepaper,”saysKenCheng,abiologistatMacquarieUniversity,Sydney,Australia.“Thatgetsusonestepdownintothewiringofhowitworks.”ForGaëlleBotton-Amiot,tracinglearningtotherhopaliaraisesnewquestions.“Theyhavefourofthesethingsintheirbodies.Sohowdoesthatwork?”asksthisneurobiologist.Ifajellyfishlosesoneofitsrhopalia,doesitforgeteverythingthoseeyessawandtheneuronshadlearned?Ordotheotherrhopaliarememberit?32.Jellyfishareabletoavoidobstaclesbecause______.A.theyusebraincellstoprocessinformationgatheredB.theyrelyondifferentlevelsofvisualsignalinputC.theyhaveuniqueorganstomeasurethedistanceD.theyaredrivenbyexcellentsurvivalinstinct33.Whichofthefollowingwordshastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinparagraph1?A.Unusual.B.Cloudy.C.Deep.D.Rapid.34.Whatcanweinferfromparagraphs2and3?A.Jellyfishusuallytendtobescaredoffbythegraycolor.B.Jellyfishtendtocomparestripeswithmangroveroots.C.Stimulationincontrolledenvironmentbackedthefinding.D.Rhopaliaareincontrolofthejellyfish’smemorysystem.35.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthearticle?A.Nobrain,nogain?Deniesthejellyfish第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 B.Unique“eyes”helpjellyfishsurviveC.Evolutionoflearning:fromnervetobrainD.Whiteorgray?Creature’sdecision-making【答案】32.B33.B34.C35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个研究团队通过实验证明水母没有脑子也可以获取信息，学会发现和避开障碍物。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ThenervoussystemsofCaribbeanboxjellyfisharefairlysimple,includingfour“rhopalia”onajellyfish’sbody,eachofwhichhassix“eyes”,bywhichthejellyfishjudgeamangroveroot’sdistancebasedonhowdarkitlookscomparedtothewaterandmaketheirwayroundit.(加勒比箱形水母的神经系统相当简单，包括水母身上的四个“视神经束”，每个“视神经束”都有六只“眼睛”，水母根据红树林根部与水面相比的黑暗程度来判断红树林根部的距离，并绕过它)”可知，水母能够避开障碍物，因为它们依赖不同水平的视觉信号输入。故选B项。【33题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章划线词上句“Incommonwaters,nearbyrootshavehighcontrast.Onlydistantrootsfadeintothebackground.(在普通水域，附近的根有很高的对比度。只有遥远的根隐没在背景中。)”及划线词所在句子“evennear-byrootscanblendintotheirsurroundingsandhavelowcontrast.(即使是附近的根部也可能融入周围环境，具有较低的对比度)”可猜测，是在浑浊的水域中，近处的物体也显现出低对比度，故划线词与cloudy“浑浊的，不清澈的”意义相近。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Tofindout,theteamput12jellyfishintoaroundwatertank.Thetankwassurroundedbylow-contrastgrayandwhitestripes(条纹),whichmightappeartoajellyfishlikerootsinclearwater.Acamerafilmedtheanimalsforaboutsevenminutes.Atfirst,theyseemedtoseethegraystripesasdistantrootsandswamaway,endingupbumpingthetankwall.Butthosecollisions(碰撞)seemedtoleadthejellyfishtoreconsiderthestripes.Soon,thecreaturestreatedthegraystripesmorelikecloserootsinmurkywater-andavoidedthem.(为了找到答案，研究小组将12只水母放入一个圆形水箱中。水箱周围是低对比度的灰色和白色条纹，对水母来说，这些条纹可能看起来像清澈水中的根。一台摄像机拍摄了这些动物大约七分钟。起初，它们似乎把灰色条纹视为远处的树根，于是游走了，最后撞到了水箱的墙壁上。但这些碰撞似乎让水母重新考虑这些条纹。很快，这些生物就把这些灰色的条纹更像是在浑浊的水中紧密的根——它们避开了它们。)”及第三段中“Thissuggeststhattherhopaliaalonecanlearnthatseeminglydistant,第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 low-contrastobjectsareinfactcloseenoughtoavoid.That,inturn,hintsthatthesenervecentersarebehindCaribbeanboxjellyfishlearning.(这表明，水母仅凭视神经束就能知道看似遥远、对比度低的物体实际上足够近，可以避开。这一点进而暗示，这些神经中枢是加勒比箱水母进行学习的幕后主导)”可知，实验中的受控环境中的刺激支持这一发现。故选C项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第一段“Caribbeanboxjellyfishcanlearntospotandavoidobstaclesdespitelackingacentralbrain,accordingtoanewstudy.(一项新的研究表明，尽管加勒比箱形水母缺乏中枢大脑，但它可以学会发现和避开障碍物)”可知，文章主要介绍了一个研究团队通过实验证明水母没有脑子也可以获取信息，学会发现和避开障碍物，故A项“没有头脑，就没有收获？水母否认这一点”适合作为文章的标题。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Citiesarediverseecosystems.Somewildanimalsbecomeregularvisitorstoourcities,suchascoy-otes(丛林狼)inLosAngelesorboars(野猪)inBerlin.___36___Asourcitiesspread,weneedtothinkaboutwhatitislikeforotherspeciestohavehumanneighbors.___37___Theydonotalwaysprovidesuitablehabitatsforwildlife.Forexample,mostcityparksarekeptneatandtidysothathumanswillfindthembeautiful.Butwhenwecutgrassorplantflowers,wedestroynaturalhabitats.Ouractionssometimeshelpotherspecies.WhenabridgeinAustinTexaswasrepaired,engineersaddedsmallgapsrunningalongthelengthofitsbottom.Thismadeagoodhomeforbats,andsoonthebridgewasthehomeofthousandsofbats.Atfirst,peoplewereafraidofthebatsandtriedtogetridofthem.___38___Thebatsareatouristattraction,andtheyeatlotsofbugseverynight.Therearealsostructuresbuiltwiththeaimofbringingwildlifeintothecity.TheBeijingOlympicForestParkisagoodexample.Theparkusednativeplantsandcreatedopen,naturalspacesforwildlife.TheresultisazoneinBeijingwithover160speciesofbirds.___39___Insteadofbeingkeptincages,wildlifecanmoveaboutfreely.Sometimes,thevisitorscanencounteragaggleofgeesewalkingonthebankorswimminginthewaterleisurely.Whilecitiesposechallengesforwildlife,theyarefindingwaystoadaptandthriveinurbanenvironments.Ashumans,itisimportanttotakemeasurestopreventconflictsandappreciatethepresenceofthem.___40___Andourownfuturewillbeendangered.A.Citiesarebuiltforhumans.B.Theparkisintendedtoprotectbirds.第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 C.Ifwedonot,morespecieswillbecomeextinct.D.Inmanyways,theparkistheoppositeofazoo.E.Also,alargenumberofspeciesshareoururbanareas.F.Now,theyhavecometovaluetheirwingedneighbors.G.Soon,thebatsareadaptableandcanthriveinhuman-builtstructures.【答案】36.E37.A38.F39.D40.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了城市是多种多样的生态系统，有很多物种与我们公用城市区域。我们要保护自然栖息地，为野生动物提供合适的生存空间。【36题详解】根据上文“Somewildanimalsbecomeregularvisitorstoourcities,suchascoy-otes(丛林狼)inLosAngelesorboars(野猪)inBerlin.(一些野生动物成为我们城市的常客，例如洛杉矶的丛林狼或柏林的野猪。)”可知，一些野生动物会到城市地区，与E项“Also,alargenumberofspeciesshareoururbanareas.(此外，许多物种共享我们的城市地区。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选E项。【37题详解】根据下文“Theydonotalwaysprovidesuitablehabitatsforwildlife.(它们并不总是为野生动物提供合适的栖息地。)”可知，城市并不是为野生动物提供栖息地而建的，是为人类而建的，与A项“Citiesarebuiltforhumans.(城市是为人类而建的。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选A项。【38题详解】根据前文“Atfirst,peoplewereafraidofthebatsandtriedtogetridofthem.(起初，人们害怕蝙蝠并试图摆脱它们。)”及下文“Thebatsareatouristattraction,andtheyeatlotsofbugseverynight.(蝙蝠是一个旅游景点，它们每天晚上都吃很多虫子。)”可知，从人们一开始害怕蝙蝠到后来蝙蝠成了旅游景点，所以人们开始重视蝙蝠，与F项“Now,theyhavecometovaluetheirwingedneighbors.(现在，他们开始重视他们有翅膀的邻居。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选F项。【39题详解】根据前文“Theparkusednativeplantsandcreatedopen,naturalspacesforwildlife.TheresultisazoneinBeijingwithover160speciesofbirds.(该公园使用本地植物，为野生动物创造了开放的自然空间。其结果是在北京形成了一个拥有160多种鸟类的区域。)”与下文“Insteadofbeingkeptincages,wildlifecanmoveaboutfreely.(野生动物可以自由活动，而不是被关在笼子里。)”可知，北京奥林匹克森林公园将野生动物带入城市，并且野生动物不是被关在笼子里的，说明该公园与动物园是不一样的，与D项“Inmanyways,theparkistheoppositeofazoo.(在许多方面，公园与动物园相反。)第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ”上下文一致，符合文意，故选D项。【40题详解】根据上文“Ashumans,itisimportanttotakemeasurestopreventconflictsandappreciatethepresenceofthem.(作为人类，重要的是采取措施来预防冲突并珍惜它们的存在。)”及下文“Andourownfuturewillbeendangered.(我们自己的未来将受到威胁。)”可知，如果我们不采取措施预防冲突就会有更多的物种灭绝，与C项“Ifwedonot,morespecieswillbecomeextinct.(如果我们不这样做，更多的物种将灭绝。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选C项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I’mnowthechefandownerofarestaurant.Nothinginmyearlyyearsledmeto___41___mylifewouldconnecttofoodandcookingdeeply.Myfamilydideattogetheroften;wehada___42___thatmygrandmothercookedtheweeklybigmealonweekends,butfoodwashardlythe___43___ofmyfamily’sstory.AfterIenteredcollege,Iwasstill___44___aboutwhatIwantedtodo.MaybeIwassupposedto___45___thecrowd,gettingadecentjob,likeinmedicineorsomethingsimilar.Whenacceptingthejobassistingcooksafterfinishingcollege,Ijust___46___topaymyrent.Thatdidn’t___47___anybiglifeplans.However,asIworkedlonger,thefoodworldshowedmeamazing___48___.Toolittlesalt,andadishis___49___tobe“tasteless”.Abitlemonjuicehelpspreventcutapplesandpeachesfromturningbrownand___50___theirappealingcolors.Thelessonthatsmallthingsmatterremindsmetonever___51___tinystuffinallpartsoflife.Also,workingwithfoodteachesmetoreallytaste,smellandtouch.Ilearntoobservemy___52___,watchingwaysbirdsland,thegrowthoftreesalongroads...and___53___wondersineverydaylife.___54___,Iheaddownmyownpath,whichis___55___fromgoingtomedicalschoolasmyparentsdid,butgivesmylifepurposeanddirection.41.AexpectB.wonderC.doubtD.admit42.A.suggestionB.traditionC.pleasureD.desire43.A.secretB.troubleC.witnessD.center44.A.unclearB.restlessC.unconcernedD.careless第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 45.A.leaveB.accompanyC.followD.gather46.A.happenedB.promisedC.offeredD.intended47.A.replaceB.affectC.inspireD.prevent48.A.opportunityB.wisdomC.memoriesD.skills49.A.easyB.fitC.trueD.bound50.A.restoreB.hideC.preserveD.change51.A.overlookB.judgeC.keepD.worry52.A.surroundingsB.improvementsC.decisionsD.differences53.A.keepawayB.showupC.comeacrossD.bringabout54.A.EvensoB.AboveallC.InsteadD.Anyway55.A.freeB.absentC.separateD.distinct【答案】41.A42.B43.D44.A45.C46.D47.C48.B49.D50.C51.A52.A53.C54.B55.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了食物和烹饪的智慧以及烹饪对作者的影响。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我早年的生活中，没有什么能让我预料我的生活能与食物和烹饪深深地联系在一起。A.expect预料；B.wonder想知道；C.doubt怀疑；D.admit承认。根据下文“MaybeIwassupposedto___5___thecrowd,gettingadecentjob,likeinmedicineorsomethingsimilar.”可知，作者没有预料自己会与食物和烹饪深深地联系在一起。故选A。第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的家人确实经常一起吃饭；我们有一个传统，我祖母在周末做每周一顿的大餐，但食物并不是我家故事的中心。A.suggestion建议；B.tradition传统；C.pleasure高兴；D.desire欲望。根据下文“thatmygrandmothercookedtheweeklybigmealonweekends,”以及语境可知，祖母在周末做每周一顿的大餐是作者家的传统。故选B。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的家人确实经常一起吃饭；我们有一个传统，我祖母在周末做每周一顿的大餐，但食物并不是我家故事的中心。A.secret秘密；B.trouble麻烦；C.witness目击者；D.center中心。根据上文“wehada___2___thatmygrandmothercookedtheweeklybigmealonweekends”以及空前的“but”可知，前后形成转折关系，祖母会在周末做每周的大餐，但食物并不是作者家的故事的中心。故选D。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：进入大学后，我仍然不清楚自己想做什么。A.unclear不清楚的；B.restless不安宁的；C.unconcerned不关心的；D.careless粗心的。根据下文“MaybeIwassupposedto___5___thecrowd,gettingadecentjob,likeinmedicineorsomethingsimilar.”可知，此处表示作者仍然不清楚自己想做什么。故选A。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许我应该随大流，找到一份体面的工作，比如医学或类似的工作。A.leave离开；B.accompany陪伴；C.follow跟随；D.gather聚集。根据上文“AfterIenteredcollege,Iwasstill___4___aboutwhatIwantedtodo.”以及下文“thecrowd,gettingadecentjob,likeinmedicineorsomethingsimilar.”可知，作者还不清楚自己想做什么，此处表示作者想自己可能应该随大流。故选C。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我大学毕业后接受助理厨师的工作时，我只是想支付我的房租。A.happened碰巧；B.promised承诺；C.offered提供；D.intended想要。根据下文“topaymyrent.Thatdidn’t___7___anybiglifeplans”以及语境可知，此处表示作者接受助理厨师的工作只是想要支付房租。故选D。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这并没有激发任何重大的人生计划。A.replace代替；B.affect影响；C.inspire激发；D.prevent阻止。根据下文“However,asIworkedlonger,thefoodworldshowedmeamazing___8___.”可知，句子前后表示转折关系，所以此处表示作者之前接受的助理厨师工作并没有激发任何重大的人生计划。故选C。第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着我工作时间的延长，食品世界向我展示了惊人的智慧。A.opportunity机会；B.wisdom智慧；C.memories记忆；D.skills技能。根据下文“Thelessonthatsmallthingsmatterremindsmetonever___11___tinystuffinallpartsoflife.”可知，此处表示食品向作者展示了惊人的智慧。故选B。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：盐太少，一道菜一定会“无味”。A.easy容易的；B.fit健康的；C.true真正的；D.bound肯定的。根据上文“Toolittlesalt,andadishis”以及常识可知，盐少了，菜一定会是无味的。故选D。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一点柠檬汁有助于防止切开的苹果和桃子变成棕色，并保持它们诱人的颜色。A.restore恢复；B.hide掩盖；C.preserve保持；D.change改变。根据上文“Abitlemonjuicehelpspreventcutapplesandpeachesfromturningbrownand”可知，一点柠檬汁可以使切开的苹果和桃子保持诱人的颜色。故选C。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：小事很重要这一教训提醒我，永远不要忽视生活中各个方面的小事。A.overlook忽略，忽视；B.judge判断；C.keep保持；D.worry担心。根据上文“Thelessonthatsmallthingsmatterremindsmetonever”以及语境可知，小事很重要，此处表示不要忽视小事。故选A。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我学会观察周围的环境，观察鸟类降落的方式，道路两旁树木的生长……并在日常生活中遇到奇迹。A.surroundings环境；B.improvements改善；C.decisions决定；D.differences不同。根据下文“watchingwaysbirdsland,thegrowthoftreesalongroads...”可知，此处表示作者学会观察周围的环境。故选A。【53题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我学会观察周围的环境，观察鸟类降落的方式，道路两旁树木的生长……并在日常生活中遇到奇迹。A.keepaway远离；B.showup显现出来；C.comeacross偶然遇见；D.bringabout导致，引起。根据下文“wondersineverydaylife”以及语境可知，此处表示遇见生活中的奇迹。故选C。【54题详解】考查副词和固定短语辨析。句意：最重要的是，我走上了自己的道路，这与我父母上医学院不同，但给了我人生的目标和方向。A.Evenso即使如此；B.Aboveall最重要的是；C.Instead相反；D.Anyway第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 无论怎样。根据上文“Also,workingwithfoodteachesmetoreallytaste,smellandtouch.Ilearntoobservemy___12___,watchingwaysbirdsland,thegrowthoftreesalongroads...and___13___wondersineverydaylife.”以及下文“Iheaddownmyownpath,whichis___15___fromgoingtomedicalschoolasmyparentsdid,butgivesmylifepurposeanddirection.”可知，作者在讲述自己从事厨师职业的两个感悟。Also后接第一个感悟，此处应为第二个感悟，为递进关系。故选B。【55题详解】考查形容词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我走上了自己的道路，这与我父母上医学院不同，但给了我人生的目标和方向。A.free自由的；B.absent缺少的；C.separate分离的；D.distinct明显不同的。根据上文“I’mnowthechefandownerofarestaurant.”可知，作者是一家餐馆的厨师兼老板，和父母上医学院明显不同。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whatwouldweobserveifwetraveledatthespeedoflight?ThisisaquestionAlbertEinsteinaskedhim-selfattheageof16.Imagininghimself___56___(pursue)abeamoflight,hereasonedthatheshouldobservesuchabeamoflightasanelectromagneticfieldatrest.Thisintuitivethinkingcame___57___(know)asoneofEinstein’smostfamousthoughtexperiments,whichtakeplaceintheimagination.Whiletheterm“thoughtexperiment”originatedinthe19thcentury,theuseofthoughtexperimentscanbetracedmuchfurtherback,___58___ancientphilosophersusedthemtoexploredifficultquestions.About2,500yearsago,ChinesephilosopherZhuangzirecordedoneoftheearliestthoughtexperiments:ifyoucutalongstickinhalfandthencutthe___59___(remain)partintwoeachfollowingday,youwillneverfinishcuttingit.Asweexploretheworldingreater___60___(deep),wemayreachapointwhereitisimpossibletorunan___61___(experiment)scenario(设想)intherealworldduetovariouslimitations.Insuchcircumstances,wemoveintotheareaofthoughtexperiments,whichfunctionas___62___valuablemeanstotestthelimitsofourknowledgeandadvanceourunderstandingoftheworld.Throughouthistory,thoughtexperiments___63___(contribute)tothedevelopmentofscientifictheories.Thoughtexperimentsarenotalwaysaboutprovingsomethingright___64___wrongwithadefiniteanswer.Instead,bymakingabstract,complexideasmoreconcreteandaccessible,thoughtexperimentscanstimulatedebateandleadtoamorethoroughunderstandingofthetopic____65____question.【答案】56.pursuing57.tobeknown58.when59.remaining第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 60.depth61.experimental62.a63.havecontributed64.or65.in【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了直觉思维被认为是爱因斯坦最著名的思维实验之一，它发生在想象中。解释了“思维实验”的历史以及作用。【56题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：想象自己在追逐一束光，他推断他应该把这样一束光当作静止的电磁场来观察。此处pursue与himself为主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补，imaginesbdoingsth“想象某人正在做某事”。故填pursuing。【57题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种直觉思维被认为是爱因斯坦最著名的思维实验之一，它发生在想象中。表示“被认为是”短语为beknownas，且上文为短语cometodosth.。故填tobeknown。【58题详解】考查定语从句。句意：虽然“思维实验”一词起源于19世纪，但思维实验的使用可以追溯到更早的时候，当时古代哲学家用它来探索难题。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词muchfurtherback，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。【59题详解】考查形容词。句意：大约2500年前，中国哲学家庄子记录了一个最早的思想实验：如果你把一根长木棍切成两半，然后每天把剩下的部分切成两半，你永远不会把它切完。修饰part应用形容词remaining作定语。故填remaining。【60题详解】考查名词。句意：当我们对世界进行更深入的探索时，我们可能会因为各种限制而无法在现实世界中运行实验场景。作介词的宾语，应用名词depth，短语indepth表示“深度”。故填depth。【61题详解】考查形容词。句意：当我们对世界进行更深入的探索时，我们可能会因为各种限制而无法在现实世界中运行实验场景。修饰名词scenario应用形容词experimental。故填experimental。【62题详解】考查冠词。句意：在这种情况下，我们进入了思想实验的领域，这是一种有价值的手段，可以测试我们知识的局限性，促进我们对世界的理解。此处means为泛指，且valuable是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【63题详解】考查时态。句意：纵观历史，思想实验对科学理论的发展做出了贡献。表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响为现在完成时，主语为thoughtexperiments，助动词用have。故填havecontributed。【64题详解】考查连词。句意：思想实验并不总是用一个明确的答案来证明某事是对还是错。此处表示选择关系，表示“或者”应用连词or。故填or。【65题详解】考查介词。句意：相反，通过使抽象、复杂的想法更具体、更容易理解，思维实验可以激发后期的辩论，并导致对所讨论主题的更彻底的理解。短语inquestion表示“正在讨论”。故填in。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)66.假设你是学校口语兴趣班的学生李华，你的外教Chris正在策划一次户外活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复。内容包括：1.你对活动的建议；2.建议的理由。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearChris,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YourssincerelyLiHua【答案】范文：DearChris,Howiseverything?Iamdelightedtohearthatyouareplanninganoutdooractivity.Herearemysuggestionsfortheevent.Istronglyrecommenda“NatureImmersionDay”,whichwillprovideuswithanopportunitytoimmerse第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ourselvesinthebeautyofnaturewhilepracticingEnglishinareal-worldcontext.Wecanstartwithaguidednaturewalkinanaturereserve,observinganddiscussingthefloraandfauna.Followingthewalk,team-buildinggamessuchastreasurehuntsorrelayracesareagoodidea.Afterlunch,wecangatherforabriefdiscussionontheimportanceofprotectingourenvironment.Ihopethesesuggestionsarehelpful.Letmeknowifyouhaveanyotherideasorquestions.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生以李华的身份，给外教Chris回复邮件，对户外活动提出建议。【详解】1.词汇积累保护：protect→preserve机会：opportunity→chance高兴的：delighted→glad建议：suggestion→advice2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Followingthewalk,team-buildinggamessuchastreasurehuntsorrelayracesareagoodidea.拓展句：Afterwefinishthewalk,team-buildinggamessuchastreasurehuntsorrelayracesareagoodidea.【点睛】[高分句型1]Iamdelightedtohearthatyouareplanninganoutdooractivity.(运用了that引导宾语从句)[高分句型2]Istronglyrecommenda“NatureImmersionDay”,whichwillprovideuswithanopportunitytoimmerseourselvesinthebeautyofnaturewhilepracticingEnglishinareal-worldcontext.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)第二节(满分25分)67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。SnowflakeBentleyInthedayswhenVermontfarmersworkedthelandandspenttimewithlivestock,therelivedaboyWillieBentleywholovedsnowmorethananythingintheworld.VermontisnostrangertosnowandBentley’shappiestdaysweresnowstormdays.Hewatchedsnowflakes(雪花)onhisglove,onthevastfarmfields,andonthedarkmetalhandleofthebarn(谷仓)door.HesaidsnowwastheblessingsofNature.However,hecouldnotshare第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 snowflakesbecausehecouldnotsavethem.Later,whenhismothergavehimanoldmicroscope,hemainlyusedittolookatsnow.Whilekidsofhisneighborschasedhensandhadsnowballfights,Williewascatchingsnowflakes.Dayafterstormydayhestudiedtheicycrystals(冰晶).Theirdelicatepatternswereevenmorebeautifulthanhehadimagined.Williedecidedhemustfindawaytosavesnowflakessootherscouldseetheirwonderfuldesigns.Forthreewintershetrieddrawingsnowcrystals.Theyalwaysmeltedintheblacktray(托盘)thatheusedtocatchthembeforehecouldfinishthedrawings.Whenhewassixteen,Williereadofacamerawithitsownmicroscope.“IfIhadthatcameraIcouldphotographsnowflakes,hetoldhismother.”Willie’smotherknewthathewouldnotbehappyuntilhecouldsharewhathehadseen.“Spendingtimeonsnowisjustfoolishness,hismothersaid.Still,shelovedhisson.WhenWilliewasseventeenhisparentsspenttheirsavingsandboughtthecamera.Itcostasmuchastencows.Williewassureitwasthebestofallcameras.Evenso,hisfirstpictureswerefailures—nobetterthanshadows.Yethewouldnotquit.Mistakebymistake,snowflakebysnowflake,Willieworkedthrougheverystorm.Winterended,thesnowmelted,andhehadnogoodpictures.Hewaitedforanotherseasonofsnow.Oneday,inthesecondwinter,hetriedanewexperiment.Anditworked!Williehadfiguredouthowtophotographsnowflakes!”Noweveryonecanseethegreatbeautyinatinycrystal,”hesaid.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Nevertheless,inthosedaysnoonecared._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Despitethenew-foundfame,SnowflakeBentleysimplymadeuphismindtoproduceaperfectphoto.第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Nevertheless,inthosedaysnoonecared.Neighborslaughedattheideaofphotographingsnow.“SnowinVermontisascommonasdirt,”theysaid.Butwilliewasnotdisheartened.Hefirmlybelievedthephotographswouldbehisgifttotheworld.Hegavecopiesawaytoneighborsorsoldthemforsomemoneytohelpouthisparents.Heevenwroteaboutsnowandpublishedhispicturesinmagazines.Soon,Bentleywasbeginningtomakeanameforhimself.Flocksofjournalistsreachedouttohimforinterviewsandeventuallythenickname“snowflakeBentley”wasborn.Despitethenew-foundfame,SnowflakeBentleysimplymadeuphismindtoproduceaperfectphoto.Wheneveritsnowed,hewouldwaithoursforjusttherightcrystal.WhileneighborssatbythefireplaceWilliestoodatthebarndoorandheldouttheblacktraytocatchsnowflakes.Throughtrialanderror,helearnedtoproducephotosofbetterquality.Oneday,Bentleyworkedhismagicandeventuallydevelopedaperfectlyclearphotograph.Theyoungmanwasoverjoyedandimmediatelypresentedittohisfolks.“Iwaswrongaboutyourwork,son.Thisismarvelous!”saidhismother.AsmileofprideflickeredacrosssnowflakeBentley’sface,forheknewhehadforevercapturedthebeautyofNature.【解析】【导语】本文以人物和时间为线索，文章讲述了一个叫威利·本特利的男孩，他爱雪胜过爱世界上的一切。后来，当他的母亲给他一个旧显微镜时，他主要用它来观察雪，他日复一日地研究冰晶。本特利决定他必须找到一种方法来拯救雪花，这样其他人就可以看到它们美妙的图案。本特利十七岁时，他的父母花了他们的积蓄买了一架照相机，一次一次地尝试，威利最终拍摄出了美丽的雪花。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“然而，在那些日子里，没有人在乎。”可知，第一段描写的是本特利在拍摄雪花过程中，没人理解，但是仍然坚持不懈，最终成名了。②由第二段首句内容“尽管刚刚成名，雪花·本特利还是下定决心要拍出一张完美的照片。”可知，本段讲述的是通过反复试验，他学会了拍出质量更好的照片。有一天，本特利施展了他的魔法，最终拍出了一张非常清晰的照片。2.续写线索：不灰心——送照片给邻居——发表关于雪的文章——开始出名——捕捉雪花——拍摄出非常清晰的照片。3.词汇激活行为类①嘲笑：laughat/makefunof②赠送：giveaway/donate第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ③下定决心：makeupone’smind/determine④捕捉：capture/seize情绪类狂喜的：overjoyed/delightsome/wildwithjoy【点睛】[高分句型1]Wheneveritsnowed,hewouldwaithoursforjusttherightcrystal.Whileneighborssatbythefireplace（由whenever引导的时间状语从句）[高分句型2]AsmileofprideflickeredacrosssnowflakeBentley’sface,forheknewhehadforevercapturedthebeautyofNature.（由for引导的原因状语从句）第27页/共27页学科网（北京）股份有限公司