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专题10定语从句1.掌握关系代词的用法2.掌握关系副词的用法3.掌握介词+关系代词的用法掌握定语从句中的易错点定语从句是高考的重点和热点，备考焦点主要集中在以下几个方面：①正确使用关系代词(which,that,who,whom,whose,as)和关系副词(when,where,why)②介词＋which/whom引导的定语从句③that不能引导非限制性定语从句考点1概念1.在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(一个词)这是值得参观的地方。Manylife’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers，friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.(一个短语)许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题是现在的大家庭无力解决的。Itookanoldmantohospitalinataxiimmediately，whichwaswhyIwaslatethatmorning.(一个完整的句子)我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院，这就是那天早上我迟到的原因。2．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。Beijing，whichisthecapitalcityofChina，isavery.
↓beautifulcity.考点2限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that不可用关系代词that关系代词that，who，which/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略关系代词不可以省略关系代词whom作宾语时可用who或that替代关系代词不能替代读时不停顿读时停顿，用降调只可以修饰名词或代词，不可以修饰句子既可修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰句子，有逗号分开，只能由which,who或as引导Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼的人长寿。(限制性定语从句，说明要长寿需进行体育锻炼。先行词是people，若把从句whotakephysicalexercise去掉，句子就失去所表达的意义“进行体育锻炼的人”)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(非限制性定语从句，whoisinBostonnow对先行词daughter进行补充说明，若把其去掉，主句意义“他的女儿下周将来家”仍然完整)单句语法填空/单句写作①Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamere5to10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.②Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.③昨天晚上所发生的事情，我一点儿也不知道。(限制性定语从句).④他十分慷慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激。(非限制性定语从句)
.【答案】1.that/which2.which3.Iknownothingthathappenedlastnight4.Hewasgenerouswithhistime，whichIwasgratefulfor考点3正确使用关系词1.关系代词关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(＝ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)as人或物主语、宾语Doyouknowthemanthat/whomMr.Whiteintroducedjustnow?怀特先生刚才介绍的那个人你认识吗？Ourmonitoristheboywhosefatherisalawyer.我们的班长是父亲做律师的那个男孩。【名师指津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。Tomisoneoftheengineerswhoaresentabroad.汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。2．关系副词关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，不能省略。关系副词先行词句法功能when(＝in/at/on/...＋which)时间时间状语where(＝in/at/on/...＋which)地点地点状语why(＝forwhich)原因原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)Thetimewhen(atwhich)IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.
第一次见纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常困难的时期。Theschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.那所学校离这里有3千米远，我仅在那里读过两年书。Therearevariousreasons(forwhich)whypeoplewritepoetry.人们写诗有各种各样的理由。【名师指津】先行词为抽象地点的名词(situation，case，stage，point，activity等)，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词which/that。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。单句语法填空①InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.②Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoearth.③NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9am.to5pm.dailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.④Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.⑤Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofclothgivesofflightinthedark.⑥Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethosearetotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.【答案】1.whose2.where3.which4.whothat5.that/which3．“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句构成句法功能用法指津介词(短语)＋关系代词状语关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略介词＋关系代词＋名词状语关系代词常用which和whose名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词主语可转化为“whose＋名词”结构数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词主语数词还可以用some，many，most，each等不定代词替换Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.那个穷人没房子住。Recently，Iboughtanancientvase，thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。
4．as,which与that的用法区别(1)七种只用that而不用which的情况①当先行词是all，much，little，few，everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。Thereisnothingthatwecandonow.现在我们什么也做不了。②当先行词被theonly，thelast，thevery等修饰时。ThisistheverybookthatIwant.这正是我想要的书。③当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。Thepresenttimeisthebestgiftthatyoucangiveyourself.当前的时光是你能给自己的最好的礼物。④当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。Don’ttrustthefirstsignthatyousee.不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。⑤当先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。Mymotherandheroldfriendstalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.我妈妈和她的老朋友们谈论了一些她们记忆中学校里的人和事。⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Whichisthecarthatyouboughtlastweek?你上周买的哪辆车？⑦当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。Jackisnotthemanthathewas.杰克不是过去的他了。用正确的关系词填空①WealllikeourEnglishteacher,fromwehavelearnedalot.②Iwillneverforgetthedayonwewenttobuyguitarsintheguitarstore.③Thefoodwasforhermother,couldn’tgodowntomeethim.④Forinstance，inLima，thecapitalofPeru，therearemorethan50Chinesemedicineclinics，about70percentofweresetupbylocaldoctors.【答案】1.whom2.which3.who4.which(2)which与as引导非限制性定语从句的3点区别whichas位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等
意思上意为“这一点”表示“正如……，正像……的那样”Shemarriedagain，whichwasunexpected.她再婚了，这是始料未及的。Shemarriedagain，asweexpected.正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。用as或which填空①isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.②Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect,madealotofpeopleadmireher.③Inthepastfewyears，morethanhalfofthebookstoresinChinahavecloseddown，istheresultofthecompetitionwithonlinebookstores.【答案】1.As2.which3.which考点4定语从句和分词短语作定语之间的相互转化如果定语从句中先行词是从句的主语(即关系代词作从句的主语)，则这个定语从句可以转化为以过去分词或现在分词作定语的形式。同样的，分词作定语也可以转化为一个定语从句。谓语动词用主动语态的，用现在分词作定语；用被动语态的，用过去分词作定语。如：Thisisthefactorywhichwasbuiltin1980.→Thisisthefactorybuiltin1980.这就是1980年所建的那个工厂。Weliveinahousefacingthesouth.→Weliveinahousewhichfacesthesouth.我们居住在一所朝南的房子里。单句写作①我们学校有四千多名学生，大多数都努力学习。(themajorityof，非限制性定语从句).②我为我们的学校而感到自豪。我相信，在这里我们一定会考上名牌大学。(beproudof,beadmittedto，非限制性定语从句).③站在那里的那个男孩正在看着一棵断了树枝的树。(现在分词，非限制性定语从句).【答案】1.Therearemorethan4，000studentsinourschool,themajorityofwhomstudyhard.2.Iamproudofourschool,whereIamsurewecanbeadmittedtooneofthetopuniversities.3.Theboystandingthereislookingatatree,whosebranchesarebroken.
一、单项选择1．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）Johnhadagreatfeelingofloneliness,______wasevenmoreseriousduringhislunchbreak.A．whichB．itC．whatD．that2．（2023·天津红桥·高二统考学业考试）Ayearisdividedintofourseasons,asweallknow,_______thefirstisspring.A．whichB．ofthemC．whenD．ofwhich3．（2023·山西·高二统考学业考试）Hisparentsforcedhimtobealawyer,______wasagainsthisownwishes.A．whenB．whichC．thatD．what4．（2021秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲市南方中学校考学业考试）PeoplerememberthefirsttravelersfromEngland___cometoliveinAmerica.A．whichB．whereC．who5．（2023春·河北·高二统考学业考试）Haveyouheardabouttheplayergotthefirstprizeintheswimming?A．whichB．whatC．whoD．whom6．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）OctoberisagreattimetovisitInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion,________travelerscangotothequietEjinatoenjoythewonderfulsceneryofEuphraticaforest(胡杨林).A．thenB．whereC．whenD．there7．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）________isreported,vaccines(疫苗)doanexcellentjobofpreventingseriousCovid-19illnessanddeaths,butarelessgoodatstoppinginfections,particularlysincetheemergence(出现)ofthemoreinfectiousDeltavariant.A．ItB．WhichC．ThatD．As8．（2022秋·广东清远·高一校联考学业考试）InthecomingOlympicGames,therewillbetenmorenewevents,__________moreathleteswilltrytorealizetheirgoalin.A．thatB．whichC．whereD．when9．（2022·天津南开·高二南开大学附属中学统考学业考试）Aftergraduation,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,______turnedouttobeawisedecision.A．thatB．whichC．whenD．where10．（2022·天津河北·高二统考学业考试）Afteralonganddifficultjourney,themonarchbutterflieseventuallyreachedtheplaces______theywouldspendthewinter.A．whyB．whichC．whereD．when
11．（2019·山西·高二太原师范学院附属中学统考学业考试）Hewrotealetter________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.A．whichB．thatC．howD．where12．（2021·山西·高二太原师范学院附属中学统考学业考试）Motherboughtmanytomatoesfromthemarkettwodaysago,someof______havegonebadduetothehotweather.A．thoseB．whichC．whomD．that13．（2021秋·广西·高二统考学业考试）Theboy______gotthefirstprizeisfromClass1.A．whereB．whenC．whichD．who14．（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）Havingamixofmaleandfemalenursesalsohelpscreateafunatmosphere,_________helpspatientsrecoverfaster.A．thisB．thatC．whichD．where15．（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）BecauseofCOVD-19,daysaregone________local5-starhotelscharged5,000yuanforonenight.A．ifB．whenC．whichD．since16．（2022·天津红桥·高二天津市民族中学统考学业考试）Eventually,thebutterflymanagestoreachtheplaces______itwillspendthewinter.A．whichB．whatC．whereD．that17．（2022秋·云南·高二统考学业考试）Lindaisabeautifulgirl________likesChinesecultureverymuch.A．whomB．whoseC．whichD．who18．（2023·江苏·高二学业考试）Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablemoreeasilythaneverbefore.A．whyB．towhomC．whenD．onwhich二、用单词的适当形式完成句子19．（2020秋·广东佛山·高一统考学业考试）It’sadiseaseaffectsmainlyolderpeople.20．（2020秋·广东佛山·高一统考学业考试）Childrencompeteinasportwilllearnhowtodealwithfailurebecausetheydon’talwayswin.21．（2020秋·广东佛山·高一统考学业考试）Sheisthegirlbrotherisstudyingabroad.22．（2021秋·吉林·高二统考学业考试）Themanisshakinghandswiththeexpertismyfather.(23．（2022春·江苏苏州·高二江苏省苏州第十中学校校考学业考试）Finally,thethiefhandedovereverythinghehadstolentothepolice.（用适当的词填空）
24．（2022春·江苏苏州·高二江苏省苏州第十中学校校考学业考试）TheotherdayImetBobintheforest,familymovedherelastmonth.25．（2022春·江苏苏州·高二江苏省苏州第十中学校校考学业考试）Hewasbeatenbyanunknownteamfromaremoteschool,wasunexpected.26．（2022春·江苏苏州·高二江苏省苏州第十中学校校考学业考试）Therearelotsofforeignersatthemeeting,mostofareAmericans.1．Thismusicbroughtusbacktothedaysweplayedhappilytogetherneartheriver.2．Everyonehasperiodsintheirliveseverythingseemsveryhard.3．May30,2023isamemorableday,theShenzhouXVImannedspaceshipwaslaunchedsuccessfully.4．Gracewillneverforgetthedayshewasadmittedtotheuniversity.5．TherearemanyreasonsEnglishissowidelyusedaroundtheworld.6．Dr.Brownisaseniorprofessorviewsarewidelyrespected.7．Manypeopledonothaveclosefriendsorcontactshavethesameinterestinmusic.8．MountWuyiissuchanattractiveplaceofinteresteveryonelikestovisit.9．Thosewanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.10．WhenIwentbacktomyhometownyearslater,Isawabeautifulpark,hadbeenawastelandformanyyears.11．SearchenginessearchtheInternetbasedonthekeywordsyoutypein,andchoosesuchwebpagesforyoucontainthewordsyouaskfor.12．ThereasonaccountsfortheirnamesGalileanMoonsistheywerediscoveredbyGalileoin1610.13．Hersister,youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.14．Hehadthousandsofstudents,manyofgainedgreatsuccessintheirownfields.15．“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.16．Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.17．Theytalkedabouttheschoolsandteacherstheyhadvisited.18．TheTempleofHeavenisacomplexofbuildingsemperorsoftheMingandQingdynastiesinChina
worshipedheaven.19．OccasionsarequiterareIcanspendawholeweekwithmyfamilyduringtheChineseNewYearHoliday.20．Thomas,withhelpIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish,ishighlythoughtofbyus.21．Haveyoueverdreamedofsinginginfrontofanaudienceofthousandsataconcert,everyoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic?22．ThepolicefoundtheknifeJohnkilledhiswife.23．Isthisthefactory manyworkersareworkinghardin?24．ThephotoremindsmeofthedayswespentinCanada.25．Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?26．Wecandefineajokeassomethingyousaycauseslaughter.27．ThemonumentwasthefirstplacetheywenttovisitwhiletheywereinChina.28．Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.29．ChinatownsarepopulartouristdestinationsvisitorscanexperiencetraditionalChineseculturefirsthand.30．I’llneverforgettheday Ispentinthemountains.31．ThereasonIlovewesternmusicisthatithasinspiredmealotwhenIamindifficulty.32．Dancersdancedtoclassicalmusic,recreatingthescenewomeninancientChinabeganaspringtimeouting.33．Therearemanyclownsintheplayground,someofareperformingopera.34．Wealllikethemanisveryhumorous.35．Peoplewouldleavethebikeintheplacetheyfinishedtheirjourney.36．Weallknowsomecasesartscancurepeople.37．Thecoupleinthenextroomarealwaysquarrelingthesedays,andI’vecometothepointIcan’tstanditanylonger.38．IboughtaseriesofHarryPotterrecently,pricewasfairlyreasonable.39．Shealsojoinedanonlinegroupshecouldtalkaboutherproblemsandgetsupportandadvicefromothers.40．Lucyhasmanypositivepersonalityfeaturesmakeherpopularatschool.
41．Successoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.42．You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstationyoucantaketoreachyourhostfamily.43．Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanareainteractwithoneanother.44．Thatnighteveryonewenttobed,Bunnycouldn’tsleep.Hestillcouldn’tthinkofwhathewantedhisspecialChristmaspresenttobe.45．AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmallcityhewasbroughtup.46．Mygrandmawasbornatatimemobilephoneswerenoteveninpeople’simaginations.47．Winteristhetimeofyearthedaysareshortandnightsarelong.48．Creatinganatmosphereemployeesfeelpartofateamandenjoytheirworkisabigchallenge.49．InCanada,cross-countryskiingisapopularsportamongpeopletheycanenjoyexcitementandadventure.50．Gonearethedaysphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.51．Afterrepeatingthisprocessafewtimes,theyeventuallyfoundtheidealdistancetheycouldfeelwarmwhilemanagingnottohurteachother.52．Theconstantlyrisingsealevelisoneofthereasonswemusttakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.53．YuanLongpingwasanadmirableagriculturalscientist,frommanyyoungpeoplehavedrawngreatinspiration.54．ThissmallmountainvillageisabeautifulplaceIspentmychildhood.55．Atthetime,atribal(部落的)peopleruledmanyareasofwesternEurope,includingmuchofisnowFrance.56．Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivitysightmattersmorethanhearing.57．I’vebecomegoodfriendswiththestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.58．Theschoolshop,customersaremainlystudents,isusuallyclosedforsummerandwinterholidays.59．Thedaysaregonehorse-drawncarriageswereacommonsightinthestreetinLondon.60．OnGoodFriday,Christiansobservetheday,onwhichChristdied,hotcrossbunsaresold.
