2022年高考全国甲卷生物高考真题试卷（含详解）

《2022年高考全国甲卷生物高考真题试卷（含详解）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

2022
᪥ᐰὃᳮᔠஹ⌱⚪1.┛ᙠᾙᦈ#$%&'ᢵ)⌕+ᵨ஺᧼/□ᨵ23☘56⚜■ὁ:;<=஺>ᑡ@A┯CḄEFGA.HI&ᨵJKLMNOPQᙠḄ┛B.:RᑁCa2+TUᵫ$HIWḄXᾦZᑖN\C.〉^⊡ᐙabDTJcde⍝g┛ḄᔾᦈD.:R⊈j&┛MNkl$m᧕opqᤊps2.tᱥᡂwxᾙHIHIjklTJz{•p}aஹbஹc~HIjklz{ḄtᱥᡂwxᾙHI6ᑖᐭ~ᨵ{klⅅjḄ&6^ᑖᣚᑮ⊝ᑮজHIa'ᓄঝHIbRᜧঞHIc';¡ᑖM஺¢ᙠᑖᣚ£¤HI¥ⅅj¦ᨵ;Ḅᣚ6>ᑡᐵ3¨©ªḄ@A6zᔠᳮḄEFGA.ᑖᣚ«6HIbḄHIjklᜧ3᜜ⅅjḄklB.ᑖᣚ«6HIjklᜧ®ᐵ¯°HIbHIaHIcC.ᑖᣚ⊝6HIcḄHIjklᜧ3HIaḄHIjklD.ᑖᣚ⊝6HIcḄHIjkl3᜜ⅅjḄkl3.tᱥ±b²¥ᐸ´Rµᔠ¶'ᢵᳮ+ᵨ஺·¸tᱥ±b6¹+ᱥḄº»R஺ᐵ3¼º»RºḄ½¾6>ᑡ¿ᔠᳮḄEFGA.À◭bᔠᡂ⌶ôÄB.À◭b´Rᔠᡂ´ÄC.ῃÆ⏚ᔠᡂ⌶ôÄD.ῃÆ⏚´Rᔠᡂ´Ä4.ÈÉREHIdÊᨵËÌᔾḄÍ⌕Îᡠ஺ẆÑ'p6Ò²ÓÔḄ:HI&ÈÉRᦪÖ²×ØÙÚÛḄ:Ü஺>ᑡ¥ÈÉRᨵᐵḄ@A6┯CḄEFGA.ᨵËÌᔾHI;Ý;ÈÉR&ÞßATPB.ÈÉRᑁWàḄ⏘TJâ¥
HËãäOᡂḄ$%C.ÈÉR&Ḅåæ⏚ᑖçᡂCCh
HḄ$%◤⌕02Ḅéêâ¥D.ÈÉR&ḄDNAë$ìíîïðᑴòóô;Ḅᔠᡂ5.ᙠõö&ᢗᢇõù6ú¤ᑁ¼õûᦪÖஹR)Öûü)Öý¤Ḅᓄþÿ᝞
ᡠ஺ᙠᨵᑣ
⊤ᦪஹஹḄᑖ"#

1A.C.(ஹᵬஹ*D.(ஹ*ஹᵬ6.-./012ᱥḄ4567A/a:B/b5=>?@A⁐C஺A/aDᑴ/1FឋHAḄ/1IF;HaḄ/150%IFஹ50%NF஺B/bDᑴ/⁐O/PQ/RSឋ஺67TRAaBbḄUV.W,ᑣYᑡ[\┯^Ḅ#_`A.abcO/2dᦪ#Q/2dᦪḄ3fB.abc67TRaabbḄᡠᓰhi#1/12C.UVlmḄIFnoaᦪ#NFnoaᦪḄ3fD.UVlmHBḄIFnoaᦪpHbḄIFnoaᦪq47.᪷tᐝᔠwᵨCO2Ḅz{|}N?I~2ᱥᑖRC32ᱥ:C42ᱥ4T஺C42ᱥḄCO2⊡hC32ᱥḄ஺CO2⊡#ᢣ᛻CO2ᐝᔠ᳛pᔾ᳛q4Ḅ᛻CO2஺Yᑡ⚪஺_1`N?2ᱥ_᝞C32ᱥ:C42ᱥ`ᐝᔠwᵨᐝ▤Ḅlᱥ#q?Ḅᐝ▤Ḅlᱥ#_3ᓽI`஺_2`ᩩY2ᱥ¡ᱏḄᐝᔠlᱥN£ᐰ¥¦§ᑮᐸª¥5«7#_1ᓽI`஺_3`¬£®¯°±²Ẇ´µ¶ᙠ?4·¬ᩩYC42ᱥhC32ᱥm¸¹º஺»¼2ᱥCO2⊡Ḅ½ᑖ᪆I¿Ḅ«7#8.ÁÂÃÄÅPÆᢝÈᏉÊᐹᨵ⌕wᵨ஺ÈÍÎ:ÏÎÐA?bÑÒÓᑁᱯÖឋᢙØᓄ᝞
ᡠ஺Yᑡ⚪஺_1`ÂÃÚÛ#ÂÃÄÅḄ⌕ÜᡂᡂᑖÁTÚÛᡂßḄàᡠ#;áÂÃâ·,

2¿lmᜧᱯÖឋᢙḄÚÛ#0_2`áÂÃâ·ᢙ:ÑÒäᔠÓÑÒᨬæçè◀Ḅ|}#஺_3`ÑÒÏÎÐAêÈᑁᢙëìíîᢝï¸_᝞
ᡠ`ᢙëìḄ«7#_4`ðt
ᡠḄᢙØᓄñòRóô¹õºḄÂÃᦔ÷øùúḄÃûüýþ#9.
ᔠᳮᑭᵨᯠẆ᪍ᙢḄᱥ஺!"ᑡ$⚪஺&1()*+,-ᱥ+.Ḅ/01᪀3456789:;1<Ḅ=⌕?@A)*B+.C&2(E⌕᪍ᙢC+FGHᱥḄ+.IJKLMᵨḄNOAPE⌕+QḄ+.IJKLMᵨḄNOA஺&3()*B᪍ᙢḄᱥ+ᦪTUV஺;W.XCᱥ+ᦪTḄVYZ
஺&4(B᪍ᙢCᱥᱥḄ\ᵨᨵ&!92_ᓽK(PᱥᱥḄ\ᵨᨵ&!92_ᓽK(஺10.᳝cAᡃef⌕gh\ᱥ஺᳝cijAklmnopᱥ&⚔r6lpsHt6kps(uvᨵḄAklonᱥ஺᳝cḄឋxyz{|⍡~ḄᑴkppsᵫឋBᑴlppsᵫឋTᑴ7bbttW
kn஺*ᨵᵬ&klmn(ஹ&kn(ஹ&kn(ஹT&ln(4+ᔠ᳝cn஺!"ᑡ$⚪஺&1(ELᵬ
ஹ
᱄ᩖ+◤~ᐹOA஺&2(ᩖRᐰ⊤*
klmnPBF2Cknᡠᓰ¥¦

F2ClnḄ7A;ᙠF2ḄknC©7ªmḄnᡠᓰ¥¦A஺&3(«¬᳝c®Ḅ¯°¯Aᵫ1ᑴḄªឋ±஺
²³:ªឋ±Ḅ◚ឋẆᕒ¶¯᳝cᔠ©°¯᳝cᔠ&z+᳝cᙳ
klmn(¸+¹º»¼ᡂ¾¿?@»¼À®Ḅឋ±Kᑨ¯©°¯Ḅ◚ឋ஺E¯Aឋᑣ¹º1»APE°¯Aឋᑣ¹º1»A஺ூ
ᱥ——⌱1:
ᱥᢈ௃11.mÄÅÆÇÈÉÊḄËÌCᑖÎ8ᑮABznKLÑÒÇÈḄÓÔᙠÕẠÀMᵨ×ØÙÚO¥ÛÜὅÑÒÇÈḄÞßàᑖ᪆zWÔnḄᐸãäᳮåÞ஺¹ºᡠᵨḄÙÚᡂᑖ᝞"஺ÙÚIèK2Hpeh,MgSO,NH4NO3,ÇÈ஺4ÙÚHèK2HPO4,MgSO,ÇÈ஺4

3õ\ö÷èজ¶AஹBÔnᑖxù+ᙠzúûÙÚICÙÚ8ᑮAஹBÔûPঝûÙÚIஹIICýþÿᾦ
ᑖᑴᡂIஹII,ᢥᡠᙠᡭᵬஹ஺1ᡠᵨ!"#$%Ḅᡂᑖ'o!NH4NO3Ḅ"ᵨ'#/0Ḅ12345%
5%ᙠ/6ᑁ89:;ᔠᡂ=>2@ᓽ8B1ᱥᜧᑖE஺2FGজ
ᙠI%JKLMN▲ᑴḄ▤Q
RᨬTU@NoVAX/
YZn\]X/Ḅᦪ_'3#`abAஹBdefgḄhi
jklᑭᵨFGঝᡠoᑮḄIஹHqr
st᝞⊤ᡠ“+”⊤ᨵ{|ᙌ
“+”~⊤{|ᙌ~ᜧ
⊤{|ᙌ
klḄ'4ᨵ5fgḄ
᪷⊤ᡠst
ᳮfg⌱ᵨḄ/0'ᳮᵫ'o12.jᱣqᾙឋhḄ@¡¢
#`ᙠ£¤Lᑁ¥oᐹᨵ¡¢ឋ§Ḅᜧ_]\
ᱣᑭᵨ¨©ª«ᢈqr`®ᐵ°"஺±=²ᑡ´⚪
1#`6᜜N·◤⌕º»@¡¢Ḅ·¼
·¼½¾Ḅ¿À'஺ᙠ6᜜N·Á⌕·Eqr¥hᜐᳮ
ᐸÅÆ';·E6᜜¥h8ºᵨᓄlÉÊÀ
ÉÊ·E¥hḄËᱥ'=>1Ìᓽ8஺ᑭᵨ¡¢Ḅ·Eqr6᜜N·◤⌕ÍÎᑮϤÐḄᓿÒXÓ
Æ#ᓿÒXÓÔᑮ¤Õᐹᜓ;·EN·Ḅhi஺26᜜N·¥oḄN·ᓿÍÎᡂר◤⌕ᙠᱯÏḄ¼qr
¼Ḅᡂᑖ◀ÚÛஹÜÝஹ⊈ß᜜
àáḄ⃩ᡂᑖᨵ=>3Ìᓽ8B஺ãäḄ@ר½¾ᜓᵨ஺3å9½¾ḄרJ®ᦪ_ḄæYZÐN6Ò¢#ᩞᧇqr°"
9¥oᐹᨵ¡¢ឋ§Ḅ]

4\஺é⌕Ḅ°"FG'

52022êëìíBl᪥ï1ᐰñòὃôᳮõöᔠhiôஹ⌱÷⚪1.┛ᙠùú12JûᾙᦈýBþ«Íᢵ⌕ᵨ஺᧼□ᨵ☘⚜■ὁ஺ᑡ┯Ḅ!"#A.$%&ᨵ'()*+,-.ᙠḄ┛B.1ᑁCa2+34ᵫ67$%8Ḅ9ᾦ;ᑖ+=C.〉?⊡ᐙBCD3'DEF⍝H┛ḄᔾᦈD.1⊈L&┛*+MN7O᧕QRSᤊRUூWᫀ௃BூZ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃()\Ḅ.ᙠ,-]ᵨ^Q.ᙠ,-^$%&ᜧ`ᦪ()\'*+Ḅ,-.ᙠb
2()\Ḅcd^HBᢝ$%fᱥ1hijᨵ⌕ᵨ᝞^Fe!᪀ᡂ⊈nCḄᐗCbMg!᪀ᡂpqCḄᐗC஺ூrZ௃Aஹ$%&ᨵ'()*+,-.ᙠḄ┛tᨵ'ᓄᔠᱥ,-.ᙠḄ┛"᝞CaCCh,AwxbBஹCa2+zd4ᵫ67$%8Ḅ9ᾦ;ᑖ+=◤⌕|1}B┯bCஹBCDdᨵᦔᙢDE1F⍝H┛f9Ḅᔾᦈᦑ〉?⊡ᐙBCD3'DEF⍝H┛ḄᔾᦈCwxbDஹjᱥḄ⊈L&ᨵḄCa2+,Ca2+ḄOQRSᤊDwx஺ᦑ⌱Bo2.ᱥᡂpᾙ$%Ḅ$%LMN3'z஺Raஹbஹc$%LMNzḄᱥᡂpᾙ$%ᑖᐭᨵMNⅅLḄ&?¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¤ᑮ¦⊝¨©ªᑮ^জ$%a¬®ᓄbঝ$%b1°±ᜧbঞ$%c³´ᑖ*஺µᙠ¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¶·$%]ⅅL¸ᨵḄ¢ᣚᑡᐵº»¼ḄzᔠᳮḄ!"#A.¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¾$%bḄ$%LMNᜧ᜜ÀⅅLḄMNB.¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¾$%LMNᜧÁᐵÂÃ$%b$%a$%cC.¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¦⊝¨$%cḄ$%LMNᜧ$%aḄ$%LMND.¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¦⊝¨$%cḄ$%LMN᜜ÀⅅLḄMNூWᫀ௃CூZ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᵫ⚪ᑖ᪆3Å¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¤ᑮ¦⊝¨$%a¬®ᓄÆzᔾ¡tzᜫ¡$%aḄ$%LM

6N᜜ÀⅅLḄMNb$%bḄ1°±ᜧÉÊ$%ᔾ¡¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¾$%bḄ$%LMNᜧ᜜ÀⅅLḄMNb$%c´ᑖ*ÉÊ$%ᜫ¡¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¾$%cḄ$%LMNÁ᜜ÀⅅLḄMN஺ூrZ௃Aஹᵫ$%bᙠ¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¤ᑮ¦⊝¨$%Ḅ1°±ᜧÉÊ$%ᔾ¡ᑣ¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¾$%bḄ$%LMNᜧ᜜ÀⅅLḄMNAwxbBஹ¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¤ᑮ¦⊝¨$%aḄ$%LMN᜜ÀⅅLḄMN$%bḄ$%LMNᜧ᜜ÀⅅLḄMN$%cḄ$%LMNÁ᜜ÀⅅLḄMNÌÍ¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¾$%LMNᜧÁᐵÂÃ$%b$%a$%c,BwxbCஹᵫ⚪Î3Å¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¤ᑮ¦⊝¨$%a¬®ᓄÉÊᐸ$%LMN]᜜ÀⅅLMNb¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¤ᑮ¦⊝¨Ðᯠ$%ᑁ᜜LMNÒ$%cᜫ¡Ó᜜ÀⅅLḄMNÔÁÌÍ¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¦⊝¨$%cḄ$%LMNÁ$%aḄ$%LMNC┯DஹᙠḄⅅL&$%c³´ᑖ*¡ᑖ¢ᣚ¤ᑮ¦⊝¨ᐸ$%LMN᜜ÀⅅLḄMNDwx஺ᦑ⌱Co3.ᱥÕC6Ö]ᐸ×1ØᔠÙdᢵᳮᵨ஺ÛÜᱥÕCdÝᱥḄÞß®1à஺ᐵáÞß®1ÞḄâÌᑡãäᔠᳮḄ!"#A.å◭Cᔠᡂ⌶è×éB.å◭C×1ᔠᡂ×éC.ῃë⏚ᔠᡂ⌶è×éD.ῃë⏚×1ᔠᡂ×éூWᫀ௃AூZ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃å◭C^ᔠᡂíî^ïðஹï᪷f¬ᡂḄ+ïòíᑖbó⌕ᳮcd^DE$%ḄôbZ◀+ஹᙽ÷ḄøḨúDEûḄᵨ஺ூrZ௃ABஹå◭CᐹᨵDE$%ôḄcdáᵨḄᢵ◤⌕]×1ØᔠÓÙdýᡂᦑÛÜÕCÓᱥḄÞß®1àÉÊÛÜḄÃå◭CÞß®1ÞḄâÌ!þÿ◭ᔠᡂᔠᡂᑣ᜜ᵨAB┯CDஹῃ⏚ᢓᑴ#ᱥ%&Ḅᑖ)*+,Ḅ-./#ᱥ0ᓄ234ᐵ6CD┯஺ᦑ⌱Ao4.:;<%&=>ᨵ@AᔾḄC⌕Eᡠ஺ẆH.IJKLMḄNO%&P:;ᦪRSKTUVWXḄNY஺Zᑡ/:;ᨵᐵḄ\]┯Ḅ<A.ᨵ@Aᔾ^%&_`_*:;PabcATPB.:;ᑁefḄ⏘hij/
H*@klmᡂnḄop

7C.:;PḄtu⏚ᑖvᡂCO2*yH{Ḅop◤⌕02Ḅ34j/D.:;PḄDNASo*ᑴ_Ḅᔠᡂூᫀ௃Cூv᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᨵ@AᔾḄஹஹ▤ḄEᡠ<%&_`_ஹ:;`_*:;ᑁe஺ᨵ@Aᔾ▤<ℍ⃔ᑖvᡂtu⏚*yH{,ᔠᡂRATP▤ÇÈᑣÂP⊤Ã+ºᦪRஹ¥»Rஹ+º¼»RḄÊ:ᑖË<\//\A,ᵬஹtஹÏB.ÏஹᵬஹtC.tஹᵬஹÏD.tஹÏஹᵬூOᫀ௃Dூv᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃SÑÒÓÊ:ÔÕ+ºᙠ¥ᨵ▲Ḅ×᛻PÒÓ^½Ḽ+ºÚÛḄfᓣ¥¹ᵫÞᨵ▲Ḅß¹ஹàᱥ*ᐸácâᩩäåḄ+ᑁᧅçèéêᒓi¨+ºcᱥªàḄᣓàὅḄᦪRîÒêïðîñï¥+ºḄòc᳛ôõö÷᳛Òøùñ+ºᦪRḄÒÓ᳛ZôÕ+ºᦪRúᑮ×᛻ᩩäᡠᐕýḄᨬᜧÿ
ᦪ
ᨵᙠKᢝ஺ூ௃ᑖ᪆⚪
!Ḽ#$ᓄ
ᵬ'(ᐜ*+,-
.'(ᕈS1
2'(34
ᙠ5ᛢ7ᢗ

8:;ᢇ=>+
ᵫ@;A#ᑁ=CᨵDEFG
HI;Jᑖ=>ᵫ@K〉MN᛻HPQ
ᦑᦪ34
᝞'(2TUVḄXYZ*
᝞'(.
[Zᐜ*+ᵫ@JᑖXYPQH,-
᝞'(ᵬ஺\]
D^_஺ᦑ⌱D஺6.abcdefᱥḄhijkA/alB/bi@mnop⁐Y]஺A/arᑴcetឋ
vAḄcetTvaḄce50%tஹ50%Kt•B/brᑴc⁐
yczc{|ឋ஺}jk~{AaBbḄDEb
ᑣ3ᑡ┯ḄA.;7ycfᦪzcfᦪḄ3B.;7jk~{aabbḄXYᡠᓰ1/12C.ḄtᦪKtᦪḄ3D.ḄvBḄtᦪvbḄtᦪhூᫀ௃Bூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᑖ᪆⚪AஹalBஹbjki@mnop⁐Y]
⍡d
⍳bᵫ¡ᔠ£஺ூ௃Aஹᑖ᪆⚪
¤hijk⍡d
ᦑvaḄcetឋK¥¦BlbjkḄ⍡d
ᡠ§Bbb
;7ycfB_zcfbb=31,A^_TBஹjk~{AaBbḄ¨©l{AB:Ab:aB:ab=l:l:l:l,ᵫ@vaḄce50%t
ᦑ©ª{AB:Ab:aB:ab=2:2:1:l,ᡠ§;7jk~{aabbḄXYᡠᓰ{1/4x1/6=1/24,B┯TCஹᵫ@vaḄce50%t
50%Kt
ᦑḄtA+l/2a,Kt{l/2a,ᵫ@AaXYḄAa=l:l,ᦑḄtᦪKtḄ«
C^_TDஹ¤hijk⍡d
ᡠ§Bbb
vBḄᦪlvbḄᦪh
D^_஺ᦑ⌱B஺7.᪷ᐝᔠ¯ᵨ7CO2Ḅ±²³Kn
fᱥᑖ{C3fᱥlC4fᱥh©~஺C4fᱥḄCO2⊡µ¶C3fᱥḄ·஺CO2⊡µ¶¸¹ᢣN᛻CO2»¼4·½¾ᐝᔠ¿᳛Áᔾ¿᳛hḄN᛻CO2»¼஺Ã3ᑡÄ⚪஺1Knfᱥ᝞C3fᱥlC4fᱥᐝᔠ¯ᵨᐝÅM▤AḄᱥnḄ
ᐝÅM▤AḄᱥÇ3¶ᓽ஺2
^¹ᩩÊ3
fᱥËᱏḄᐝᔠᱥKᐰJÎÏᑮᐸÒJi
ÓkÇ1¶ᓽ஺3
ÔÕ½¾Ö×ؼ,Ù
ẆÛÜÝᙠnhÞ¼ÔÕᩩÊ3
C4fᱥC3fᱥßà஺á¤f

9ᱥCO2⊡µ¶Ḅå¼ᑖ᪆
æḄÓk஺ூᫀ௃1஺2ஹèHêlATP2bîÁᔾïὑᡈò⌼fᱥYô᪀3C4fᱥḄCO2⊡µ¶·@C3fᱥ
C4fᱥæøᑭᵨú·»¼ḄC02ூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᐝᔠ¯ᵨᒹýᐝÅMlᨩÅM¤X▤A1ᐝᔠ¯ᵨḄᐝÅM▤Aÿᡠ
ḄḄᐝHATPḄᡂ2ᐝᔠ#ᵨḄᨩ&'▤)*ᡠ
Ḅ+,-C020Cs23ᡂC3,C3ᙠᐝ&'89ḄATP:HḄ#ᵨ;<=ᡂ>?ᨵAᱥ
ᢣ⁐EᱥFGᑭᵨᐝIJKᓄM:NOᡂPQḼISḄᨵAᱥTUVWḄGX஺ூ[\1^௃ᐝᔠ#ᵨᐝ&'▤)*ᡠ
Ḅᐝ&'`Ḅᱥ,OᓄᒹbḄᐝATPḄᡂcdᐝᔠ#ᵨᐝ&'▤)ᡂḄᱥᨵ஺2ஹH:ATP஺ூ[\2^௃ᱏᐝᔠ#ᵨᱥghᑖᵨᩭk⌼Eᱥm᪀:opqᔾsὑᐸvhᑖ0w〈ᑮEᱥḄPzᘤ|PQ}ᩭ஺ᦑᩩ;EᱥᱏḄᐝᔠᱥᐰhwᑮᐸh஺ூ[\3^௃C4EᱥḄC0223⌶ᨵC4:C3⌶ᐸ⌕ḄC0223⏘
PEPC,RubiscoC3EᱥᨵC3⌶ᐸ⌕ḄC0223⏘
Rubisco஺[C02ᔾᦈ¡ᵫ£C4EᱥḄC02⊡¥¦§£C3EᱥᑣC4EᱥI©ᑭᵨª§«ḄC02,cdᐝᔠ#ᵨ¬®ª[ḄEᱥ
C4EᱥC4Eᱥ¯C3Eᱥ°±²஺8.µ¶·¸¹º»ᢝAᏉ¾ᐹᨵÀ⌕#ᵨ஺AÁÂ:ÃÂÄÅÆgÇÈÉÊᑁᱯÍឋᢙ«Oᓄ᝞ÑᡠÒ஺ÓÔ;ᑡ\⚪஺×Ḅ*ᡠ
:Ù¶·GX-IᜧSᱯÍឋᢙḄÛÜ
2Ù¶·GX-ᢙ:ÈÉmᔠÊÈÉᨬÞ0ß◀Ḅáâ
0

103ÈÉÃÂÄÅãAᑁᢙ«äåæçᢝª°èé᝞ÑᡠÒdèᢙ«äåḄ=c
4êëÑ-ᡠÒᢙ«Oᓄìíîïð±ñ²Ḅ¶·ᦔóôõöḄ·÷øÇùú
ூÔᫀ௃পজ.þÿঝ.2ᢙᱯឋᔠᡂᓄ3!"#ᑁ%&Ḅ()*+,-ᑖᓄ/+01ᜧ3ᢙ4567ூ9᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃<=>?@AᢙBᜐᳮᕈ⌴GTIJT01IJKLMᵨOBB6QIJKLḄRSTᢙBḄRSU,-ᑖᓄᡂT()B01ᢙMᵨOᢙB஺ூWX1Z9௃=>[=>\]Ḅ^⌕`ᡂᡂᑖᒹbIJTcᐸeTᡂfḄgᡠ[ij஺<=>?@ekᨵm01ᱯឋḄᢙ஺ூWX2Z9௃<=>?@eᢙTᱯឋᔠUᡂᓄ஺ூWX3Z9௃()noᙠᜫUrstuvwxᓝuz{|7!#()m*+,-ᑖᓄ/+01ᜧ3ᢙ}ᢙ~S,஺ூWX4Z9௃ᑖ᪆n=>=>01Ḅᢙ5ᦑḄ=>ᦔ67>"n567}#015ḄᢙT()஺9.TᔠᳮᑭᵨᯠẆW`᪍ᙢḄᱥ¡¢£¤஺¥¦§ᑡX⚪஺1£¤ª«7¬ᱥ7®Ḅu¯᪀±O,²³´µ|¶Ḅ·⌕¸¹[ª«º7®e2»⌕£¤᪍ᙢe7¼L½ᱥḄ7®¾no¿ᵨḄÀÁ[»⌕£¤7ÃḄ7®¾no¿ᵨḄÀÁ[o3£¤ª«º᪍ᙢḄᱥ7ᦪÆÇ5஺|È®Éeᱥ7ᦪÆḄ5ÊË04º᪍ᙢeᱥᱥḄMᵨᨵ¦´2ÍᓽnÂᱥᱥḄMᵨᨵ¦´2Íᓽn஺ூ¦ᫀ௃1ÐuÈᦪÑ5ஹeuÈᦪ〉eஹὁuÈᦪÑÊ2জ.᪵ÀÁঝ.᪗Ø^ᣓÁ

113ᱥ7ÚÛ4জ.ᱥÜÝÞᱥT᪠àáâঝ.ᱥḄãäT7Lãåᐹᨵ^⌕Mᵨூ9᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃⚜è7®éᓄ·⌕¸¹[u¯`ᡂᒹê,²³ஹëìឋÈ⊦⌨³.£¤ᱥTsmïðஹsòÑWḄᱥḄ7®¾nᵨ᪵ÀÁ£¤smïóஹsòôḄᱥ|õᵨ᪗Ø^ᣓÁ஺ூWX1Z9௃⚜è7®éᓄ·⌕¸¹[u¯`ᡂ[ᢣ÷{u¯ᙠ7®ᑁᑖøùú7®ᑁḄ´1᳛ஹüý᳛ᨵÇᜧþÿ
ᦪᨬஹᦪ〉ஹὁᦪᨬᕈ᳛ᜧ᳛஺ூ2"#௃%&᪍ᙢ)*+,-ᱥḄ0123ᵨ᪵6789:;<᪵%&=>Ḅ?@ABCஹ?@EF%&ᐸ01HI3ᵨ᪗KLᣓ7஺ூ3"#௃ᱥOᡂQRSTUVḄL⌕ᱯYHᱥᦪZḄ[\ᱥ]^1஺ூ4"#௃-ᱥ289ᐝᔠbᵨ\@ᱥcdeᱥU2f\@ᱥcd᪠hij=@ᱥḄ?@ᨵᑭ-ᱥḄmn᝞p⇾3p2rs-ᱥtu>vwe2rs-ᱥtx+஺10.᳝}QᡃL⌕Ḅebᱥ஺᳝}QU-ᱥ⚔,ᨵḄQ-ᱥ஺᳝}ḄឋS⍡tḄᑴᵫឋBᑴᵫឋTᑴbbtt\஺£ᨵᵬUஹ¥ஹ¦ஹT4¨ᔠ᳝}-஺©ª«ᑡ⚪஺1®fᵬ\¯°ஹ±\᱄°89ᩖ´µ◤89·¸tuᐹº7Qo2¥¼±ᩖ´Bᐰ¾⊤£\U=BÀ´F2ᡠᓰÄÅ\F?ḄQ;ᙠF2ḄɦÊUḄ-ᡠᓰÄÅQo3ËÌ᳝}ÍÎḄϼÐÏQᵫ1ᑴḄÊឋÑ஺\ÒÓÔÕÊឋÑḄ◚ឋ)ẆØ·ᕒÚÏ᳝}¨ᔠÉÐÏ᳝}¨ᔠ᳝}ᙳ\Uj9-89ÜÝÞßᡂàáâãÞßäÍÎḄឋÑ2ᑨæÏÉÐÏḄ◚ឋ஺®ÏQឋᑣÜÝèÞQ=®ÐÏQឋᑣÜÝèÞQ஺ூªᫀ௃1¯°ᵬḄ89ᝅëìíᡂà3î±ḄᡂàuᥜᙠᵬḄíðᜮäòᝅäóë஺

122জ.1/4ঝ.bbTTஹbbTt§.1/43জ.Ïឋ-äᐰ\ÏឋÍÎÐÏ-äøᨵÏឋÍÎùᨵÐÏÍÎঝ.ÐÏឋ-äúᨵÐÏÍÎÏឋ-äøᨵÏឋÍÎùᨵÐÏÍÎூ#᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᵫឋBᑴᵫឋTᑴbbu\ஹᵬUஹ¥ஹ¦ஹT2þæᵬḄ\BBTT,ஹBBttᡈbbtt,ḄbbTT஺ூ1௃ᩖḄᳮ!"#$ᵬ&'#᱄'ᩖ#ᵬ)*+,-./ᱥ#ᡠ2ᙠ.45ᡂ78◤:ᵬ/,)..;ᝅ=◞?#@Ḅ.4ᡂ7ABCDEFᣴ4HḄ.4IᑮᵬḄ)KLᜮA#Bᝅ=◞?஺ூ2௃᪷Pᑖ᪆S⚪UVW”Yᩖ#Bᐰ[⊤])*+,“#_BBtt,ḄbbTT,FiBbTt,FibF2Scd9B_T_g)*+,hi3B_ttg),hi3bbT_g*,hiIbbttg),h#ᦑF2m),ᡠᓰcd1/4,*,ḄbbTTஹbbTt,),mqr+Ḅcd1/4஺ூ3௃ᎷtuYvuw:r:ឋyzA/a}ᑴ#᳝ᙳ)*+,/ᱥ#/8#ᨵbᨵᩖ஺$uឋឋ#AA,vuaa,ᑣuឋ/,bᩖ#uឋ/,ᐰuឋ#vu/,ᩖuឋ#bvu#ᡠ2vu/,ᨵuឋᨵvu஺+ᳮ#vuឋ8#vuឋ/,ᨵvu#uឋ/,ᨵuឋᨵvu஺ூ
ᱥ——⌱1:
ᱥᢈ௃11.+Ḅmᑖ?ᑮAYB,2Ḅ¡#ᙠ¢Ạ¤ᵨ¦§¨©ªc«¬ὅḄ®#¯ᑖ᪆°¡,Ḅᐸ²³ᳮ´஺µ¶ᡠᵨḄ¨©ᡂᑖ᝞¸஺¨©IiK2Hp04,MgSCU,NH4NO3,஺¨©niK2HPO4,Mgso,஺4ÈÉÊËiজÍAஹB¡,ᑖÎÏᙠÐÑÒ¨©Im¨©#ᑮAஹB¡ÑÓঝÑÒ¨©IஹIImÕÖ×ᾦ#ᑖÎᑴᡂ¦§IஹII,¯ᢥÚmᡠÛᙠ¦§ᡭᵬஹÝ஺Þ߸ᑡ⚪஺

13gIhµ¶ᡠᵨ¨©mÉáâḄᡂᑖ.஺¨©mNH4NO3ḄÉᵨ¡,Ḅ³ãäåæâ#æâᙠ¡Òᑁ2èqᔠᡂgßê2ᓽh@³ᱥᜧᑖ஺g2hÊËজm#ᙠíâYîïz▲ᑴḄ▤ò#$ᨬôÏNo°A¡#õönA¡Ḅᦪøg3hùc«AஹBḄ®#+ᑭᵨÊËঝᡠᑮḄ¦§1ஹIIûµ¶#üý᝞⊤ᡠÛg“+”⊤Ûᨵÿᙌ“+”⊤ᙌᜧ⊤ᙌḄ4ᨵ!"#$%&Ḅ'(᪷*+⊤ᡠ-./ᳮ#$%&1⌱ᵨḄ45»ᳮᵫ஺ூ:ᫀ௃1জ.#$ঝ.DNAஹRNAஹFGH2No-2n3ᙠ4ᩩPQRSTSUVḄA4WXB4Wᑖ[\]ᑮ_`IḄᵬXcdeᜐ,_`Hijk᪵Ḅmnᙠo!〉qᩩPQrstuvwxdy_`ḄdeᜐḄᙌᜧz{n|}᪷*ᙌᜧ~ᙌz~jwxAஹB~#$Ḅ4জ.Aঝ.A45~#$ḄB45{!ᙠᨵḄrsiூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃rsᱥᐹᨵ⌱nᵨ஺rsu᪷*]ᡈᱥḄᱯ⃩s⌕ᐭᱥHᡈ◀¢⃩sᱥHᢓᑴᐸ¦ᱥḄi§¨᪷*ᱥᱥᳮஹᓄª«Ḅᢙឋᙠrsᐭ]ᓄᱥH,®¯⌱°±²Ḅᱥ஺³]rs´µ⌱rs஺ூz¶1·௃rsḄᡂᑖᨵ¹ஹஹº»X¼S®½ᡂrsḄᱥHᡠ¾ᓄᐗ«§ÀnÁ¹Ḅᡂᑖ#$஺ᱥᜧᑖÂDNAஹRNAஹFGHþᨵNᐗ«ᦑᙠ4Åᑁ§¨ÇÈᔠᡂ³ᱥH஺

14ூz¶2·௃ᵫ⚪Ë“ÌXÍvÎÏ▲ᑴ”§ÀÑ4Ḅ]ÒᦪTᕈJÕÖ×ØᵫÑ4jkÙᑖÚÑ4ÛÜÝÞß+ÞḄ2à᪷*áâNãNoW,ᐭ=2,ÜÝnÞäÑ4ḄᦪTNo2"஺ூz¶3·௃ᑖ᪆⊤åᦪ*§ÀḄ-.æᙠ_`I+A45~#$ḄB45çᙠ_`H+A45èᯠ~#$B45Î~᪷*ḄᓫëTX᯿íᑣḄæᙠ4ᩩPQRSTSUVḄA4WXB4Wᑖ[\]ᑮ_`IḄᵬXcdeᜐ_`IIijk᪵Ḅmnᙠo!〉qᩩPQrstuvwxdy_`ḄdeᜐḄᙌᜧz{n|}᪷*ᙌᜧ~ᙌz~jwxAஹB~#$Ḅ஺ூz¶4·௃ᵫ⊤åᦪ*§Àᙠ_`HḄrs+A45èᯠ~#$B45Î~ᡠ¨⌕/ᳮ!"#$%&Ḅ'(1⌱ᵨA45ªÁA45~#$ḄB45{!ᙠᨵḄrsi஺12.ᱣðñjòóᾙឋõöḄ÷]áøÁùᙠúuvᑁûüᐹᨵáøõ÷ឋýḄᜧTäÞᱣðᑭᵨÿ
ᢈᐵ஺ᑡ⚪1᜜◤⌕!"#$Ḅ&&'(Ḅ)*+஺ᙠ᜜-⌕./01ᜐᳮᐸ56+;/᜜018ᵨᓄ;<=*<=/01Ḅ>ᱥ+@1Aᓽ8஺ᑭᵨD#$Ḅ/᜜◤⌕EFᑮHIJKḄᓿMNO6ᓿMNOPᑮJRᐹᜓU/Ḅ1V஺2
᜜0WḄᓿEFᡂYZ◤⌕ᙠᱯIḄ\]&^D\]&Ḅᡂᑖ◀abcஹefஹ⊈h᜜ijḄ⃩]ᡂᑖᨵ@3Aᓽ8m஺n\]oḄ!"YZ'(ᜓᵨ஺3
pq'(ḄYZrsᦪuḄvwxKM$ᩞᧇq0WᐹᨵD#${!ឋ}Ḅ~஺⌕Ḅ+oூᫀ௃1জ.'(ঝ.᣸@Ḅ/ᙠឋx⍝ᑁEsᳮᓄ~R10W1Vঞ.fᡈ┛/A23187ট.MH^K2
fஹ⏚ஹ᪶ᵞ⏚3
.M$E¡ᜐᳮᔠ〉ḄJ¤n'(ḄYZ¥¦ᐭM$Ḅ/¨ூ©᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃«¬ᱥᢈ+ᢣ¯°±
²ᓿ/r/ᙠ᜜ᩩ´ᡂµr¶¯°\]EF·KZ~¸¹¥¦~º~Ḅᢈ஺ூ»1¼©௃

15&8q'(²ᵨ-¸n&©½ᑖ஺᣸@Ḅ/ᙠឋx⍝ᑁEsᳮᓄ~R10W1Vᦑᙠ᜜-⌕./01ᜐᳮ஺¯¿ᵨḄ᜜01)*ᨵ\]*rᓄ;<=*ᓄ;<=*+n/ÀᙠHIÁÂḄfᡈ┛/A23187É&^ᵨᓄ;>ᱥ<=/01஺ᓿMNO◤⌕\]ᑮÊᦪËÌÍᑖÎ^KMH^KR1ᐹᜓU/Ḅ1V஺ூ»2¼©௃·KZ\]Ḅ\]&^◀abcஹefஹ⊈h᜜ijᨵfஹ⏚ஹ᪶᧖⏚m஺ூ»3¼©௃⌕ᑭᵨ'(ḄYZrsᦪuḄvwxKM$ᩞᧇ0WᐹᨵD#${!ឋ}Ḅ~⌕+ᑭᵨZ¥¦ᢈᓽ.M$E¡ᜐᳮn'(ḄYZZ¥¦.M$+ᔲÓÔḄÕÖH×J¤~M$ºᐹᨵD#${!ឋ}Ḅ~஺