2021年高考真题化学（海南卷）试题及答案

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ਭᵨᓭḕ2021⌱ឋὃᓄ⚗1.ᔁ!ὃ"#$%&'Ḅ)*ஹ,ὃ-./ᑏᙠ⚪ᓱ4஺2.6⌱⚪7!⌱89:⚪ᫀ?⚪ᓱ4@A⚪BḄᫀ᪗.DE஺᝞◤ᦋI!ᵨJKLMN

1⌱⚗ëabAH2SöH2SO4FeSB0H2O2÷øMnO22CNO2ùHNO,úᱏDNHùCaO34."òᜐᜐᨵᓄ஺ᑡÔÕ┯〈ḄkA.ᜩᯠJþḄÿ⌕ᡂᑖB.ᜩᯠḄ⌕ᡂᑖᵬC.ᵨᑺD.ᵨᑺ5.SF6ᵨ#$%ᵯ'(Ḅ)*+,ᑖ-ᕈ/0☢+2᪀,᝞5ᡠ7஺ᨵᐵSF6Ḅ;CHCH,ᡂ1molḄᐳBᦪN22233A8.ᑴᜓ᯼Ḅ¤¥C(s)+H2O(g)UH2(g)+CO(g)AH>0,lᑡ;

2Ë/=ÌᫀÎᒹÏXÄ⌱⚗,Ð⌱Ñ0ᑖÒË/=ÌᫀᒹÏÆÄ⌱⚗,Î⌱XÄÓ/=Ñ2ᑖ,⌱ÆÄÓE/=Ñ4ᑖ,ÔÎ⌕⌱┯XÄÖÑ0ᑖ஺9.k×Øᙠ¶⊝À2NH3UNHJ+NH2-᝞5ᡠ7ᵯÛÜÝÞ,ßKNH2Ḅk×jkᵯÛk,ᵯÛàáaஹbÆÄâឋᵯ᩽ãEᨵäå஺lᑡᨵᐵ;ZB.ᨬᓄᱥḄᓄᱥḄ⏚ឋY>XC.ᓄᔠᱥZXYḄᕈ⏚ឋD.XY#2ᑖ%&ᨵc()ᨵᐔ(11.ᐵ-NH3ឋ.Ḅ/0ᔠᳮḄ⌱⚗ឋ./0A4PH35᧕ᓄN%ᑖ7Ḅ9:;<ᜧBᰚ?-PHN—H(Ḅ(@4P—Hᜧ3C@AAg+BCD(EᔠN%%FᨵGᵯDI%JᙠNHLMN3O0Pᓄᔠᱥ12.ᡃRᓄSTᔺⅾWXYẚ/[“ᕡ^”Ḅ`a./bcde஺ᕡ^ḄY⌕ᡂᑖhI⏚ᓫjk஺XhI⏚lE᪀ne᝞#Ḅpᑖq᪀rsAhI⏚ᐹᨵupḄv@wxyAᦪ{஺ᑡᨵᐵ|}ḄHOOC-CH-CH-CH-COOH22NH2
⏚A.hI⏚ᑖeCHNOB.hI⏚ᑖ%ᨵ2~ឋ584C.hI⏚ᓫj@-D.XḄᦪ{lrq᪀#ᨵ8x3

313.25࠷,ᔣ10.00mL0.1000moll/iḄNaHCCh%0.1000moLL-iḄk⏚,ḄpHᐭḄk⏚ḄrVᓄ᝞¡ᡠ£஺ᑡᨵᐵ|}Ḅ05.0010.00f7mLA.a?spH>7ᵫ-HCO3-/©ªᜧ-ᵯP©ªB.b?sc(Na+)=c(HCC>3)+2c(CO2~)+c(Cr)3C.c?s%ḄH+Y⌕ᩭXHCChḄᵯPD.d?sc(Na+)=c(Cr)=0.1000mol-L-'14.¹ºᑡ»¼½¾¿sÀNEÁḄ⌱⚗»¼¾¿EÁ?ÂÃ⁐ÅrX,ÇbᡂḄÉÊËᮞᐜÎÏÐAX8ÅrÈᐭÉÊËᮞÉÊ25CsᔣÃ⁐ḄY%BÕÃ⁐YḄpH<71~2Ó⏚Ôᙠ×ؽhḄÙᔠ%KSCNÕç⁐ᓄឋ(SCN)?ioiB,D>76࠷,᧕.I஺废铁JK⏚屑MNজ2AcDPQR⚪7(1)MNজTJUᵨᑮḄXᴻZᘤᨵ\]ஹXᴻ_4

4(2)(`abᐭdḄᩖ&eᑺBg⌱ᵨ(ijk)஺a.KMnCUrsb.Cb.c.Br2.&H2O2rs(3)MNঝTz{|ᨔ~ḄᐭHCl(g)ḄḄT(4)Dᨔr.~KSCNrsT஺(5)D-EḄᓄ(஺(6)ᵫDᓄᡂEḄJg8Kᑏ?gḄ)ᑺ,¡¡¢T£)ᑺ¤Fe3+)஺16.(10ᑖ)¨ᐸᓄᔠᱥ¬Ḅᓄ®¯ᙠ±ᯠ³¨´µḄ¶஺·625࠷,lOOkPa7জ1molℍ⃔½¾C6Hl2C>6(S)ÀÁᐰÃ\ᡂCCh(g)HO(1),Å2804kJ஺2ঝCO(g)+ÈO(g)=CO(g)AH=-283kJmol-122PQR⚪7প25࠷CCh(g)ÌÍ0পÎᐝᔠNᵨᡂℍ⃔½¾C6Hl2O6(S)ÀCh(g)Ḅᓄ(஺(2)25࠷,lOOkPaÐ᝱ᑖÒÓÔ1molᓄÕḄᰚÖ×(Õᯚ஺560=0ஹC=OÕḄÕᯚᑖÙ(495kJ-molI799kJ-mol1>CO(g)ᑖÒÜÕḄÕÝ(kJ-mol1»(3)r.ḄCO2ßᨵàᑖᓄ(H2co3(ag),ᜧàᑖ.ᔠCO2Ḅâ¯ᙠ.ᔠC02gᵨCO2(a)⊤ä஺5625࠷H2co3(ag)UCO2(ag)+H2஺পḄå⊝çᦪK=600,éḄê᳛g⊤ä(v(H2co3)=ki-c(H2co3),⌮Ḅê᳛g⊤ä(v(CO)=k•c(CO),ᑣk2222=஺(ᵨkiḄ
ᦪ⊤ä)஺(4)25࠷,ðñḄòóôõ⊤☢÷{:CaSO4(S)+CO32-(ag)UCaCO3(s)+SO42-(ù),ᐸå⊝çᦪK=0¾56Ksp(CaSO4)=9.1X10F,Kp(CaCO)=2.8X10-9ÀS3(5)rüýþ▲ᑴ
Ḅᦪ⌕ᔾḄᨵẚᵨ,ᓄ"#⊝Ḅ%&'(ᐸ__________________________________________________஺17.(12ᑖ)45⏒7(N0C1);<ᨵ=ᔠᡂ@ᑺ஺BᓄᑺCDEজ2NO+CL===2NOC1KL&ঝNOEN0C1<-6࠷,CL<-34࠷,NO<152࠷஺ঞN0C1᧕XYZ[Ch]^஺5

5_ẆabcᵨNOdCbᙠ᝞hᡠjklmᑴᜓNOC1,oᑖpqᦈs]^Ḅᧇ஺(1)uᐭCLdNOwᐜuᐭyᵨz{ᘤDḄ~஺(2)Bᓄᑺᙠᴻ#ᙠᴻmḄ஺(3)ᡠ◤ḄNO;ᵨNaNOodFeSOᙠH2sChm]^ᑴp]^4<஺(4)<ᑖpᱥds]^Ḅᧇ¡L¢£AḄL&¥¦^§ᑴᙠ___________,{ᘤCᦈ¨Ḅᱥ©0(5)ª⁐Ḅ¬⍗ᑮ°±²<³´⁐஺18.(14ᑖ)¶ᵬ¸¹ºᢙ¼½¾¿ÀÁ<ÂÃᧇḄᔠᡂÄÅ᝞ÆEOHHCNlCJH6O----------►H3C-C-CNOHCH3ABc4H)2COH3cx0஺HCHOH,H+I-------225nHjC-C-COOH-zÇ,A|EHK'NH—1NaCH3DᵬqÈÉ⚪E(1)AḄ~,A[ËÌÍ]^Ḅᱥ

60τ0CDEজR-Br-^R-CNঝXé-^~C-C~HBr19.(14ᑖ)ËÌêëìíᓄᔠᱥᙠBᓄ]^mᨵḼï⌕^ᵨ஺HMn(CO)═Ḅºñᓫóëìí5(1)ë᝱═Ḅõöᵯ᣸ù?═ḄABᦪDEFCH3Mn(CO)5L9:Ḅᓄ+GH,3I஺(6)MnSᨔKNaClᨔKLF᝞NᡠP஺>ὅḄᰚSTUV?ὅFᐸX⌕Z[ᨔK\ᦪIᓫB^_`aᙶ᪗dF.[⊤PᨔKᔜḄBgFhIᙶ᪗஺ᙠMnSᨔKᙶ᪗dFaSjᙶ᪗I(1,—,—),bS═ᙶ᪗I(0,—,0),ᑣcS222lᙶ᪗I஺7