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时间:2018-03-15
《中国餐厨垃圾处理的现状 问题和对策》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、第32卷第14期生态学报Vol.32,No.142012年7月ACTAECOLOGICASINICAJul.,2012DOI:10.5846/stxb201106210914胡新军,张敏,余俊锋,张古忍.中国餐厨垃圾处理的现状、问题和对策.生态学报,2012,32(14):4575-4584.HuXJ,ZhangM,YuJF,ZhangGR.FoodwastemanagementinChina:status,problemsandsolutions.ActaEcologicaSinica,2012,32(14):4575-4584.中国餐厨垃圾处理的现状、问题和对策*胡新军,张敏,余俊锋,张
2、古忍(中山大学有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室/昆虫学研究所,广州510275)摘要:餐厨垃圾具有高水分、高盐分、高有机质含量、组分时空差异明显、危害性与资源性并存的特点。目前国内外常用的餐厨垃圾处理技术如焚烧、卫生填埋、生态饲料、厌氧消化、好氧堆肥和蚯蚓堆肥等,通常存在着资源化利用效率低、经济效益不够理想的缺陷。总结相关文献及报道,中国在餐厨垃圾资源化处理上存在“行政瓶颈”和“技术瓶颈”两大方面的问题:“行政瓶颈”的解决之道在于完善管理及处理体系,各级政府部门切实重视、加大投入,强力推进垃圾分类投放;而对于“技术瓶颈”,除综合运用多种现有处理技术外,开发新技术提高餐厨垃圾的资源化循环利
3、用程度,是关键所在。关键词:餐厨垃圾;资源化;循环利用;垃圾处理FoodwastemanagementinChina:status,problemsandsolutions*HUXinjun,ZHANGMin,YUJunfeng,ZHANGGurenStateKeyLaboratoryforBiologicalControl,InstituteofEntomology,SunYat-senUniversity,Guangzhou510275,ChinaAbstract:ThepresentpaperreviewedthefoodwastemanagementinChina,specially
4、analyzedthebasicfeaturesoffoodwaste,summarizedthecurrentdisposaltechnologies,pointedoutthepresentproblems,andsuggestedcountermeasuresforfutureinthefoodwastemanagementofChina.Foodwasteischaracterizedbyhighmoisture,salinityandorganicmattercontent,whichmakesitpossessduplicitywiththeperishableandsmelly
5、asawasteandthepotentialasarecyclingbioticresource.Thereissignificantspatialandtemporalvariationsincomponentsoffoodwastefromdifferentareasduetogeographicdifferences,eatinghabitsandculturaltraditions.Therebyitisusuallydifficulttoprocessvariousfoodwastewithaunitaryapproach.Atpresent,commonlyuseddispos
6、altechnologiesforfoodwasteincludeincineration,sanitarylandfill,ecofeed,anaerobicdigestion,aerobiccomposting,andvermicomposting.However,incinerationisfeaturedwithheavyenergyconsumptionbecauseofthehighmoisturecharacterandsanitarylandfilloccupiesalotofplaceswiththepossibilityofthesecondarypollution.Ot
7、herunconventionalapproaches(exceptforincinerationandsanitarylandfill)alsohavecommonlimitations,suchasalongprocessingperiod,complexoperation,inefficientreclamationandloweconomicvalue,whenreferredtotheprincip
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