2023届高三英语总复习 （人教版2019）专题38.非谓语动词考点运用（教师版）

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非谓语动词考点运用非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是语法填空和短文改错的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考点主要为：动词不定式的功能，现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构、分析句子成分的能力。(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)Astudy1.________(publish)inSeptembersuggeststhereisa2.________(surprise)waytogetpeople3.________(avoid)unhealthyfoods:changetheirmemories.ScientistElizabethLoftusoftheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvineaskedvolunteers4.________(answer)somequestionsontheirpersonalitiesandfoodexperiences.“Oneweeklater”Loftussays,“5.________(feed)thepeople,wetoldthemtotypetheiranswersintooursmartcomputeranditcameupwithanaccountoftheirearlychildhoodexperiences.”Someaccountsincludedonekeyadditionaldetail.6.________(tell)thattheyhadgotsickafter7.________(eat)strawberryicecream,theresearchersthenchangedthisdetailintoamanufactured(人为促成的)memorythrough8.________(lead)questions—Whowereyouwith?Howdidyoufeel?Bytheendofthestudy,upto41%ofthose9.________(give)afalsememorybelievedstrawberryicecreamoncemadethemsick,andmanysaidthey'davoid10.________(eat)it.【答案】1.published　2.surprising　3.toavoid　4.toanswer5．Havingfed　6.Havingbeentold　7.eating　8.leading9．given　10.eating动词的-ing形式Reading①isoneofXiaoMeng’shobbies.Sinceshewasachild，shehasbeendreamingofbecoming②awriter.Lastmonth，shereadabookdescribing③lovebetweenabossandasleeping④beauty—agirlwhosegiftissolving⑤difficultproblemsinherdreams.Hercolleaguesoftenfoundhersolving⑥problemswhilesleeping⑦soundly.Thebookisveryinteresting⑤.XiaoMengreallyenjoysreading②thenovelandimaginessolving②difficultproblemsinherowndreams.动词的-ing形式在句子中作什么成分①作主语②作宾语③作后置定语④作前置定语⑤作表语⑥作宾补⑦作状语动词的-ed形式

1Dropped①ontheground，thecellphone’sscreenwasbroken；thoughseen①inthedistance，itstilllookedOK.XiaoMinghadtogetitrepaired②.However，torepairsuchabroken③cellphoneneededalotofmoney.XiaoMingwasreallyworried④.动词的过去分词形式在句子中作什么成分①作状语②作宾补③作定语④作表语动词的不定式XiaoMingwantstoplay①cellphonegameseverydayandhisdreamistoplay②videogamesforthreedaysandnightscontinuously.Buthehassomuchhomeworktodo③.Inordertohave④achancetoplay③cellphonegames，XiaoMingdecidestostudy①hardtoget④ahighscore.Hereallyhopesthathisfatherwillallowhimtoplay⑤cellphonegameseveryday.Toobtain⑥suchachanceisnoteasy.动词的不定式形式在句子中作什么成分①作宾语②作表语③作定语④作状语⑤作宾补⑥作主语(二)快捷技法思考趋向1　填非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的相应形式提示词是动词时，分析句子成分已有谓语动词且没有连词，则考虑填非谓语动词形式。再通过分析句子成分若是缺少主语或宾语，则考虑填动名词或不定式；若缺少表语，则需要考虑填动名词、不定式或分词。[解题规则]1．非谓语动词作主语一般情况下，动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；而不定式作主语表示一次性的或具体的动作。若不定式、动名词作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把作真正主语的不定式或动名词后置。另外，不定式作主语时通常指将要发生的动作，动名词作主语则表示已经完成的动作。2．非谓语动词作表语动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。

2不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。1.　　　(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture. 2.Ittookhimalongtime　　　(acquire)theskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer. 3.　　　(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience. 4.　　　(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake. 5.Itisworth　　　(check)ifthewriterofanonlinepieceisproperlyqualifiedasanexpert. 6.Shewasdoingwellandshedeservedtoget　　　(pay)moreandtoreceivesomeextramoneyforthenewyear. 7.Firstofall,　　　(become)awareofwhatcausesyourworrywillhelptoreducethestress. 8.Wetakecareofpatientsofallages.Thereisnotypeofinjury,medical,orsurgicalconditionthatwearenot　　　(equip)tocarefor. 9.Theyoftenseem　　　(dislike)beingquestioned. 【答案】1.Learning/Tolearn2.toacquire3.Traveling4.Ignoring/Toignore5.checking6.paid7.becoming8.equipped9.todislike3．非谓语动词作宾语(1)不定式作宾语下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀。口诀决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help此外，afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。(2)动名词作宾语①下列动词(词组)常接动名词作宾语口诀考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/putoff,fancy(想象，设想);avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;can'thelp(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape②下列短语常接动名词作宾语beused/accustomedto,leadto,devoteto,gobackto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can'tstand(无法忍受),giveup,feellike,insiston,thankyoufor,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),spendtime(in)。(3)另外，有些动词或动词短语后面接不定式与接动名词意义不同

31.Ididn’tmean　　　(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelptryingit. 2.Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelp　　　(shape)youryearahead. 3.IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdo　　　(work)withstudents. 4.Haveyoueverfailed　　　(start)yourjourneyforthereasonoftimeandmoney? 5.Theboykept　　　(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting. 6.Manyofthemevenloudlyblamedthekingfornotkeepingtheroadsclear,butnoneofthemwouldbother　　　(get)thebigstoneoutoftheway. 7.Now,itnotonlydevotesitselfto　　　(sell)books,butcombinesthefunctionsofthebookstore,caféandsaleofthecreativeculturalproducts. 8.Butifyoudofinditdifficult　　　(fall)asleeporstayasleepatnight,thenyoushouldavoidnapsandtrytobuildupthathealthysleepinessintheevening. 【答案】1.toeat2.(to)shape3.working4.tostart5.riding6.toget7.selling8.tofall思考趋向2　填非谓语动词作定语的相应形式提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词修饰某个名词或代词时，则需要考虑所填词作定语。此时需要考虑动名词、不定式和分词。[解题规则]　表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用beingdone；表示被动的动作尚未进行用tobedone。点津：表示心理状态的动词ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。1.Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially　　　(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally. 2.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain　　　(catch). 3.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime　　　(spend)withhisstudents. 4.Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I’dlikeyoutolookatastudy　　　(conduct)inAustraliain2012. 5.Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage　　　(hide)withinthework. 6.Theparkwasfullofpeople,　　　(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine. 7.EmperorQinshihuangmadethesevenmajorstatesintoone　　　(unite)countrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection. 8.Theworkersoftenworked17hoursadayandhadnotime　　　(learn)English. 9.Ittargetshighlyeducatedreadersandclaimsanaudience　　　(contain)manyinfluentialexecutivesand

4policy-makers. 10.Cha,better　　　(know)byhispennameJinYong,diedonTuesdayattheHongKongSanatorium&Hospitalatage94. 11.Designateda“CityofDesign”byUNESCOin2008,ShenzhenwasthefirstcityinChina　　　(present)anofficialstrategyaroundcreativedevelopment. 12.Shewasluckybecauseherheaterworkedandshecouldpayher　　　(heat)bills. 【答案】1.designed2.tocatch3.spent4.conducted5.hidden6.enjoying7.united8.tolearn9.containing10.known11.topresent12.heating思考趋向3　填非谓语动词作宾语补足语的相应形式提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词对句子宾语起到补充说明的作用，则需要考虑所填词作宾语补足语。此时需要考虑分词和不定式。[解题规则]1．不定式作宾语补足语常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词：advise,allow,appoint,believe,cause,challenge,command,compel,consider,declare,drive,enable,encourage,forbid,force,hire,instruct,invite,judge,know,like,order,permit等。2．现在分词作宾语补足语常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语：feel,find,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,listento,lookat,get,have,keep,leave,send,set等。特别提醒：使役动词get,have既可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，也可以用不定式作宾语补足语。getsb.todosth./havesb.dosth.表示“使/让某人去做某事”；havesb./sth.doing表示“使/让某人/物一直做某事”，侧重动作的持续进行；getsb./sth.doing表示“使某人/物开始行动起来”，侧重动作的开始。3．过去分词作宾语补足语常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词：have,make,get,find,see,notice,watch,hear,feel,want,like等。思考趋向4　填非谓语动词作状语的相应形式提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词在句子中不作主语、宾语、表语或定语，则需要考虑所填词作状语。此时只需考虑分词和不定式即可。1.China’simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries　　　(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs. 2.IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph　　　(take). 3.Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother　　　(take)goodcareofathome. 4.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearit　　　(perform)liveisquiteanother. 5.Oneday,hehadahugerock　　　(place)onaroadwayatnight. 6.Afterdrinkingacupoftea,shefoundherselfcompletely　　　(refresh),andsheevenpraiseditasacureforallills. 7.ApproachestolearningChinesevaryfrompersontoperson,withmoreandmorepeople　　　(choose)universitycoursesinRussia. 

58.Somestudentswillfeelagrowingsenseoffearwiththeexamseason　　　(approach)whileothersmayappearfairlycalm. 9.Modernadvertsbegantoappearinthe18thand19thcenturies,sinceadvancesinprintingtechniquesallowedmoredetailedimages　　　(produce)innewspapersandmagazines. 10.Hewatchedaspider　　　(make)aweb. 【答案】1.recognizing2.taken3.taken4.beingperformed5.placed6.refreshed7.choosing8.approaching9.tobeproduced10.making[解题规则]1．分词作状语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即havingdone表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。(3)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词(短语)有：lost(迷路的),seated(坐),lost/absorbedin(沉溺于),dressedin(穿着),tiredof(感到厌烦),facedwith(面对)等。2．不定式作状语不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用inorderto,soasto等来替换，但soasto不能置于句首。1.　　　(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones. 2.Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,　　　(reflect)man’sintelligenceandcreativity. 3.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether　　　(share)ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes. 4.Ordinarysoap,　　　(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively. 5.Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,　　　(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts. 6.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline　　　(save)theirvaluabletime. 7.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,　　　(allow)morepatientstobetreated. 8.　　　(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand. 9.　　　(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow. 10.Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,　　　(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland. 11.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,　　　(make)airconditioningunnecessary. 12.Muchtime　　　(spend)sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems. 13.　　　(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching. 14.　　　(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule. 15.　　　(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse. 16.Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,　　　(wonder)whethertostayorleave. 17.Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirway　　　(use)thesunandthestars. 

6【答案】1.Toenjoy2.reflecting3.toshare4.used5.exceeding6.tosave7.allowing8.Tomake9.Ordered10.turning11.making12.spent13.Absorbed14.Havingworked15.Tolearn16.wondering17.using随堂练习一Nowadays,moreandmoreChineseareawareoffoodwasteissues.Evenyoungpeopletend　1　(take)hometheirleftoverswhen　2　(dine)out,mostofwhomwouldpackthedishinadoggiebagiftheleftoversarestillingoodshapeandtherearealsoalotleft,accordingtothesurvey　3　(conduct)byChinaYouthDaily.Thepeople　4　(bear)inthe1980sor1990sbelievethat　5　(save)foodisavirtue. Youngpeoplealsogavetheiropinionsonhow　6　(help)reducefoodwaste.Someadvisedrestaurants　7　(offer)theservingchopsticks,whichwouldbehelpfulforcustomers　8　(pack)theleftovers.Otherssaiditmightbeusefultopromotesmallerorhalf-portiondishes.Anothergoodsuggestionisthatcateringbusinessesgiveawaycoupons(优惠券)tocustomerswhocleartheirplatesatdinner. Chinalaunchedacampaignagainstfoodwastein2013andrenewedthecallearlythisyear　9　(create)anincreasinglyprosperoussociety.Wecanallplayapartin　10　(reach)thenationalfoodwastereductiongoal—toreducefoodwasteby50%inthenext10years. 1.totake　2.dining　3.conducted　4.born　5.saving　6.tohelp　7.tooffer　8.topack　9.tocreate　10.reaching　二Thestoryhappenedinancienttimes.Akingwassocleverthathethoughtofagoodway　1　(test)whetherhismenwerereliable. Oneday,hehadahugerock　2　(place)onaroadwayatnight.Thenhehidhimselfnearbyandwatchedcarefullytoseeifanyonewouldremovethebigrock.Somewealthybusinessmenandhighofficialscameby,buttheysimplywalkedaroundit.Manyofthemevenloudlyblamedthekingfornot　3　(keep)theroadsclear,butnoneofthemwouldbother　4　(get)thebigstoneoutoftheway. Thenavillagercamealong　5　(carry)aloadofvegetables.Onapproachingthebigrock,hestoppedandlaiddownhisburden,　6　(try)hardtomovethestonetothesideoftheroad.After　7　(push)manytimes,hefinallysucceeded.Asthevillagerpickeduphisloadofvegetables,henoticedapurse　8　(lie)intheroadwheretherockhadbeen.Thepursecontainedmanygoldcoinsandanotefromtheking,　9　(say)thatthegoldwasforthepersonwhoremovedthehugerockfromtheroad. Thevillagerlearnedavaluablelessonthatmanyotherswouldneverunderstand:Everyobstaclepresentsanopportunity　10　(improve)one'scondition. 【答案】1.totest　2.placed　3.keeping　4.toget　5.carrying　6.trying　7.pushing　8.lying　9.saying　10.toimprove　三Whetherthey'replayingonTVscreensorprintedinnewspapers,advertsareeverywhere.Actually,itisquitenormalfortheaverageperson　1　(live)inacity　2　(see)thousandsofadseverysingleday.However,adsarenotjustatoolforgettingpeople　3　(buy)things;theyalsoserveasawindowintocultures,societiesand

7history. Modernadvertsbegantoappearin　4　18thand19thcenturies,sinceadvancesinprintingtechniquesallowedmoredetailedimages　5　(produce)innewspapersandmagazines. Lookingatsomeoftheseearlyadsislike　6　(take)astepbackintimetoanotherworld.Forexample,an1881advertforFrenchcigarettespromisedthatitsproductwould“giveimmediaterelief”toalistofmedicalconditions,including　7　(breathe)problems.Anda1955USadadvisedmothers　8　(mix)thesugarysoftdrink7-Upwiththeirbaby'smilk. Nowadays,ofcourse,theharmfuleffectsofbothsmokingandsugarydrinkshavebeenwellknown.Althoughtheseadvertsseemunusualtousnow,perhapsfuturegenerationsmayconsidersomeoftoday'sads　9　(be)justasstrange.It　10　(believe)thatadvertisingcanoftenbeanindicatorforwhatsocietyconsiderstobesociallyacceptableanddesirableatthetime. 【答案】1.living　2.tosee　3.tobuy　4.the　5.tobeproduced　6.taking　7.breathing　8.tomix　9.tobe　10.isbelieved　四Thetruththattreesarevitaltoourlifeisnotasecret.Theyprovideuswithfood,woodandmostimportantly,oxygen.Nowthereisonemorethingwecanaddtothislist—　1　(block)outharmfulbacteriafromwater. Thediscoverywasmadebyateam　2　(consist)ofscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andhighschoolstudentswhowereseekinganaturalwaterfilter—onethatwouldhelpcommunitiesin　3　(develop)countriesthatdonothaveaccesstomodernwaterfiltersystems. Theresearchers,　4　(lead)byProfessorRohitKarnik,decided　5　(turn)totreesforhelpbecausetheycouldallowliquid　6　(flow)through,whileblockingoutairbubbles. Theybeganby　7　(cut)1.5-inch-widesectionsoftreebarkfromthebranchesofawhitepinetree.Thepeople　8　(relate)thentestedthewood’sfilteringabilitybypouringwater　9　(contain)reddyeparticlesofdifferentsizesthrough.Totheiramazement,theyfoundthatitwaseffectiveintrappingallthearticles.　10　(encourage),theteamconductedanotherexperiment,thistimewithwaterthatcontainedbacteria.Sureenough,thesapwoodheldback99%ofthebacteria,allowingonly1%toflowthrough. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 【答案】1.blocking2.consisting3.developing4.led5.toturn6.toflow7.cutting8.related9.containing10.Encouraged五Inthesummerof1848,inGuatemala,aman　1　(call)AmbrosioTutwentintothejungle,ashedidalmosteveryday.Tutwasagum-collector(树胶采集者),　2　(look)forguminthejungle.　3　(do)this,hehadtoclimbthetrees.Onhisparticularday,hegottothetopofonetreeandsomethingcaughthiseye.Helookedoutacrossthetreesandsawthetopsofsomeoldbuildings. Tutdidn’treallyknowwhathehadseenbutheknewitwassomethingspecial.Heran　4　(tell)thelocalgovernor,andtogetherthey　5　(walk)intothejungle.TheretheyfoundTikal(蒂卡尔),acitythattheMayans(玛雅人)　6　(build)manyhundredsofyearsbefore.Thetwomensawtemplesandpyramids,squaresandhouses,andplaceswherekingshadlivedwhentheMayanpeopleruledtheregion. Foralongtimebeforethatday,localpeoplehadknownthatsomewhereinthejungletherewasanold

8Mayancity,butnoonehadseenitforcenturies.Between200and900AD,thecityofTikalhadbeenthecenterofMayancivilizationintheregion,butthentheMayansleftthereandnobodyknowswhy!After1000AD,thejunglebegan　7　(cover)itandpeopleforgotthatitwasthere. SevenyearsbeforeTutlookedoutforthetrees,twoBritishexplorershadgonetoGuatemalaandhadwrittenareportaboutMayantreasuresinthejungle,buttheydidn’tmentionTikal.Evenearlierthanthis,localIndianshadtoldEuropeantravelersaboutagreatcity　8　(hide)inthetrees,butnoonewouldlistentothem.Nowthe　9　(lose)cityhadbeenfoundagain,andarchaeologistswentthereimmediately　10　(see)it. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 【答案】1.called2.looking3.Todo4.totell5.walked6.hadbuilt7.tocover/covering8.hidden9.lost10.tosee