2023届高三英语总复习 （人教版2019）选择性必修第1册Unit1 People of Achievement教师版

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Unit1PeopleofAchievement重点词汇阅读单词1．extractn．提取物；摘录vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出2．fleevi.&vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑3．numerousadj.众多的；许多的4．theoryn．理论；学说5．relativityn．相对论；相对性6．doctoraten．博士学位7．institutionn．社会公共机构；制度；习俗8．moustachen．上唇的胡子；髭9．botanicaladj.植物学的10．distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的11．substancen．物质；物品；事实根据12．chartn．图表vt.记录；制订计划13．patentn．专利；专利证书；获得专利adj.有专利的；受专利保护的14．devicen．方法；技巧；装置；仪器15．mournvt.&vi.哀悼；忧伤重点单词1．crucialadj.至关重要的；关键性的2．vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的3．objectiven．目标；目的adj.客观的4．propertyn．性质；特征；财产5．boilvt.&vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n．沸腾；沸点6．liquidn．液体adj.液体的；液态的7．obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行8．acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢9．defeatn．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜10．apparentlyadv.显而易见；看来；显然11．insistvi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求12．mostlyadv.主要地；一般地13．circumstancen．[usuallypl.]条件；环境；状况14．flown．流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动15．foundvt.创建；建立；把……建立在16．infervt.推断；推定

117．gentleadj.温柔的；文静的18．geniusn．(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋19．passionn．酷爱；激情20．extraordinaryadj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的21．graduallyadv.逐渐地；逐步地22．instituten．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑23．consequencen．结果；后果24．encountervt.偶然碰到；遇到n．邂逅；遭遇25．professorn．教授26．remarkableadj.非凡的；显著的27．sumvi.总结；概括n．金额；款项；总数；总和28．draftn．草稿；草案vt.起草；草拟词汇拓展1．commitvt.做出(错事或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitmentn．投入；奉献；承诺2．academyn．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academicadj.学业的；学术的3．evaluatevt.评价；评估→evaluationn．评价；评估4．analyse(NAmE-ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses)n．分析5．scientificadj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→sciencen．科学→scientistn．科学家6．conclusionn．结论；推论→concludevt.断定；推断出7．novelistn．小说家→noveln．(长篇)小说adj.新颖的；新奇的8．politiciann．政治家；从政者；政客→politicsn．政治→politicaladj.政治的重点词组1．commitoneselftodo承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)2．insiston坚决要求3．cometopower(开始)掌权；上台4．takeupaposition担任；任职5．sumup总结；概括重点句型1．Inthebeginning，TuYouyouwenttoHainan，wheremalariawasmorecommon，tostudymalariapatients.在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾较为普遍。2．Later，themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients，mostofwhomrecovered.后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大多数患者都康复了。3．UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize，shesaid，“Thehonourisnotjustmine.”

2听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。”4．ItisindeedanhonourforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。5．Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair，whichsometimesstoodonendasthoughhehadjustreceivedanelectricshock.他留着浓密的胡须和长长的白发，有时白发挺立，就好像刚遭了电击。知识精讲知识点01　vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria...青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分……[例1]　Hisvitalandcheerfulmannerfilledthewholeteamwithcourage.他那充满生机、欢快的态度使整个队伍充满了勇气。[例2]　Itisvitalthatweshouldbekeptinformedofalldevelopments.重要的是我们必须熟悉所有的发展情况。[知识拓展]bevitalto...　　　对……很重要Itisvitaltodosth.做某事是很重要的Itisvitalthat...……是十分重要的(that从句中要用虚拟语气，即shoulddo,should可以省略)[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Considerationforotherpeopleisvitalallofus.②It'svitalthatwe(carry)outtheoperationimmediately.③Itisvitalt(protect)wildanimals.④旅游业对西班牙经济至关重要。TourismtotheSpanisheconomy.【答案】1.to2.(should)carry3.protect4.isvital知识点2　commitvt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China，on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。[例1]　Wearecommittedtoimprovingservices.我们承诺改善服务。

3[例2]　Nobodywaspreparedtocommitthemselves.谁都不愿作出承诺。[知识拓展](1)commit...to　把……送交/托付给……；对……作出承诺，承担义务，担负责任；使(自己)致力于……commitoneselftodo/todoing...承诺；保证做……commitacrime犯罪(2)committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的commitmentn.承诺；委托；承担义务[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Theboy(commit)tothecareofhisauntyesterday.②Hehascommittedhimselfthecauseofeducation.③Hehascommittedhimself(support)them.④ThePresidentiscommittedto(reform)healthcare.⑤不管怎样，她都不想作出承诺。Shedidn'twantonewayortheother.[小片段填空]Also,betotallywhatyoudo,asexcellenceisonlypossiblewith．此外，完全致力于你所做的事，因为只有完全付出才可能达到卓越。【答案】1.wascommitted2.to3.tosupport4.reforming5.tocommitherselfcommitment知识点3　evaluatevt.评价；评估Herteamexaminedover2，000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280，000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.她的团队查看了2000多本古老的医学文献，并对28万种植物的药用性能进行了评估。[例1]　Ican'tevaluatehisabilitywithoutseeinghiswork.我没有看到他的工作情况，无法评估他的能力。[例2]　Theschoolhasonlybeenopenforsixmonths,soit'shardtoevaluateitssuccess.该学校仅开办了六个月，所以还很难估计它的成就。[知识拓展](1)evaluatesb.on/by根据……评价某人(2)evaluationn.估计；评价makeanevaluationof对……进行评估[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Wemustevaluateherabilityherwork.

4②Wemust(evaluate)theconsequencescausedbythefire.＝Wemustmakean(evaluate)oftheconsequencescausedbythefire.③这项证据应当仔细地评定。Theevidenceshould．[小片段填空]Atpresent,thereexistsomeproblemsintheofteachers.Schoolsshouldperfectthemeansofandimprovelevel.当前教师评价中存在着一些弊端，学校应针对存在的问题，完善评价方法，提高评价水平。【答案】1.on/by2.evaluate，evaluation3.becarefullyevaluatedevaluation，evaluating知识点4　obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得　vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.然后他们试着把新鲜的苦艾煮开，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不管用。[例1]　Differentlawsobtainindifferentplaces.不同的法律存在于不同的地方。[例2]　AsfarasI'mconcerned,whathehaddoneobtainedhimrespect.在我看来，他的所作所为为他赢得了荣誉。[知识拓展]obtainknowledge/one'sdegree获得知识/学位obtainsb.sth.＝obtainsth.forsb.给某人带来某物obtainsth.bydoingsth.通过做某事获得某物obtainsth.fromsb./sth.从某人/物获得某物[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Thevalueofapersoncan(obtain)byrelativeevaluation.②Hersuccessfulperformanceobtainedgreathonourher.③DetailscanbeobtainedtheDepartmentofEducation.④这种信息从互联网上很容易获得。SuchinformationtheInternet.【答案】1.beobtained2.for3.from4.iseasilyobtainedfrom知识点5　acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢(教材P2)However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而，屠呦呦并不接受失败。[例1]　Heacknowledgedhavingmadeamistake.他承认做错了。[例2]　Iacknowledgedhimasanexpert.

5我视他为专家。[知识拓展](1)acknowledge(doing/havingdone)sth.承认(做了)某事acknowledgesb./sth.tobe/as承认某人/某物是……acknowledgethat...承认……It'sgenerally/universally/widelyacknowledgedthat...大家公认……(2)acknowledgementn.承认；感谢；谢礼[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换①Sheisacknowledged(be)oneofthebestsingersintheworld.②Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledge(steal)thelady'spurse.③Iwassentafreecopyin(acknowledge)ofmycontribution.④Peoplewidelyacknowledgethatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.→studentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.【答案】1.tobe2.stealing/havingstolen3.acknowledgement4.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat知识点6　Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.她的结论是，煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的医疗特性。(1)concludevt.推断出；得出结论；使结束　vi.结束；终止[例1]　Weconcludednottowaitanymore.我们决定不再等了。[例2]　Thedoctorsconcludedthathehadsufferedastroke.医生诊断他中风了。[知识拓展](1)conclude...from...从……中推断出……conclude(fromsth.)that...(从某事中)推断出……；(从某事中)断定……concludesth.with.../bydoing...以……结束……(2)conclusionn.结论；推论；结束draw/reach/cometo/arriveata/theconclusion得出结论inconclusion最后；总之；总而言之[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

6①Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinal(conclude).②conclusion,IwouldliketosaythefilmBorninChinaisworthseeing.③Sheconcludedherperformanceapoem.④Whatcanweconcludetheconversation?⑤你从所有这一切当中得出了什么结论？Whatfromallthis?[联想助记]完成下列表示“最后；总而言之”的其他表达：①inaword　②inbrief　③allinall　④inshort　⑤onthewhole[小片段填空]Theseventhchapterisa．Theauthorstatedthefulltext'skeypointsandthisarticle'sstudy．第七章是结论，作者综述了全文要点，并得出了本文的研究结论。【答案】1.conclusion2.In3.with4.from5.doyouconcludeconclusion，conclusion(2)apparentlyadv.显而易见；看来；显然[例1]　Hewasapparentlymuchsurprisedatthenews.他对这个消息显然感到十分惊讶。[例2]　Thechildnodded,apparentlycontentwiththepromise.孩子点了点头，看来他对这个许诺还满意。[知识拓展](1)Asisapparentlyshown/statedinthepicture/chart/passageabove...正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样……(2)apparentadj.　显而易见的；显然的；表面上的Itisapparentthat...显然……[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①isapparentlyshowninthechartabove,thereareabout10%studentssupportingtheidea.②Hepaused,(apparent)lostinthought.③Soon,itwasapparenttoeveryonehecouldn'tsing.④显然他从那里什么也看不见。fromthere.【答案】1.As2.apparently3.that4.Apparentlyhecouldseenothing知识点7　insiston坚决要求(教材P3)TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在他们自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。[例1]　Heinsistedonhisdemand.他坚持他的要求。

7[例2]　Sheinsistedonhermother'slivingwithher.她坚持要她母亲和她住在一起。[知识拓展](1)insiston/upon(doing)sth.坚决要求(做)某事(2)在“insist＋that...”结构中，当insist作“坚持主张，坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Themanagerinsistedonthework(do)intwohours.②Heinsistedwalkingmetothestationtoseemeoff.③Heinsistedthattheproblem(discuss)atthemeeting.④她坚持立刻就走。Sheatonce.【答案】1.beingdone2.on/upon3.(should)bediscussed4.insistedonleaving知识点8过去分词作定语In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。句式分析：过去分词chosen作名词researchers的后置定语，相当于定语从句thatwerechosen的省略。[例1]　Theexperiencegainedwillgiveyoumoreconfidencetohelpyourcustomers.获得的经验会给你更多的信心去帮助你的客户。[例2]　Therearemanybeautifullydecoratedhousesinthisricharea.这个富人区有许多装饰精美的房子。[知识拓展](1)过去分词作定语时通常与所修饰的名词构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。(2)过去分词还可以在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。此时过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换①(give)alotofmoney,helivedabetterlife.②(use)withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.③Theteachercamein,(follow)byagroupofstudents.④Themeetingwhichwasheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.→Themeetingisofgreatimportance.【答案】1.Given2.Used3.followed4.heldyesterday知识点9　upon/ondoing...当……时；一……就……

8UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize...当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时……句式分析：upon/ondoing...当……时；一……就……，相当于assoonas引导的时间状语从句。[例1]　Uponseeingher,Ismiledandrantowardher.一看到她，我就笑着向她跑去了。[例2]　OnhisreturnfromJapan,Prof.Liwentdirectlytohislaboratoryandstartedworkingwithhiscolleagues.李教授刚一从日本回来就到他的实验室，开始和他的同事们一道工作起来。[知识拓展](1)一些表示短暂性动作的动词，如：arrive,return,reach,hear,see,receive,enter,step,get,recognize,leave等，它们相应的名词形式或动名词形式用在upon或on之后可表达“一……就……”。(2)某些at引导的介词短语可用来表达“一……就……”，如：atthesightof(一看到)；atthethoughtof(一想到)；atthesoundof(一听到)；atthefirstopportunity/chance(一有机会)等。(3)在名词minute,moment和instant前加上定冠词the也可以引导时间状语从句来表达“一……就……”。它们后面可以加that，含义不变。(4)可用副词immediately和directly来表达“一……就……”。这时，它们所起的作用相当于连词，引导时间状语从句。这种用法主要用在英式英语及口语中。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换①(immediate)hearrived,hestartedtellinguswhattodo.②thesightofthepoliceofficerthethiefranoff.③I'lltellhimminute(that)hegetshere.④Assoonashewentoutoftheroom,Jackheardhiscellphoneringing.→,Jackheardhiscellphoneringing.【答案】1.Immediately2.At3.the4.On/Upongoingoutoftheroom,语法精讲定语从句一、定语从句的种类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。[观察例句]Thisisthecomputer(that/which)heboughtforhissonyesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。Iwillshowyoutothesupermarketwhereyoucanfindeverythingyouwant.我会带你去一家超市，在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。HeisEnglish,whichIknowfromhisaccent.

9他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。Thisisourheadmaster,whoIthinkhassomethingimportanttotellyou.这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。[归纳用法]①限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as；关系副词有where,when,why。②非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。[即学即练1]——用适当的关系词填空①Holly，isfromAustralia,hasagoodcommandofChinese.②Thedictionary，ourteacherboughtyesterday,ishelpfultous.③Iamlookingforwardtothedaymydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.④TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,isconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.⑤Daviswantedtovisitthefarmtheseawaterricewasgrown.【答案】1.who2.which3.when4.which5.where二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1．形式不同[观察例句]Hereisthemanwhohasbeenpunishedbytheboss.这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)Theproject,whichlastedthreeyears,costnolessthan$1billion.这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)[归纳用法]限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。2．先行词不同[观察例句]ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)Thenovel,whichIreadlastnight,isveryinteresting.我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel)Thenovelisveryinteresting,whichmakesmeveryexcited.那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容)[归纳用法]

10限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。3．关系词的使用情况不同(1)that,why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句[观察例句]Mostpeopledidn'tvoteforhim,whichdisappointedhim.大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他失望。Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIchangedmymind.我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。[归纳用法]指物时要用which代替that,forwhich代替why。(2)关系代词替代情况不同[观察例句]Thisistheman(whom/who/that)wearetalkingabout.这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)Theyoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtoimpress.这个年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句)Shehasayoungerbrother,whoisanEnglishteacher.她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。[归纳用法]①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。(3)关系代词省略情况不同[观察例句]Thisisagoodfilm(which/that)Isawafewdaysago.这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)Thesummerholiday,whichwe'relookingforwardto,isdrawingnear.我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)[归纳用法]关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。[即学即练2]——用适当的关系词填空①Untilnow,wehaveraised50，000poundsforthepoorchildren,isquiteunexpected.②TheexactyearAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2018.③Canyoutellmethereasonhewasabsentyesterday?

11④Wehaveabuyerwouldliketoviewthehouse.⑤HewasapersonalfriendI'veknownformanyyears.【答案】1.which2.which/that3.why4.who5.whom三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别[观察例句]Asweallknow,LuXunisagreatwriter.众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。Hefailedintheexperiment,whichwasunexpected.他实验失败了，这是没有预料到的。Heisacheat,aseveryonecansee.每个人都看得出来，他是个骗子。Hedidtheexperimentsuccessfully,ashadbeenexpected.正如期望的那样，他实验做成功了。Asweallknow,paperwasinventedinChina.正如大家所知，纸是中国发明的。[归纳用法]①as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。②as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。③as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：asweallknow，asisknowntoall,aseverybodycansee,asisexpected等。[即学即练3]——用适当的关系词填空①Theweatherturnedouttobeveryfine，wasmorethanwecouldexpect.②hasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamnextmonth.③Hefailedinthedrivingtest,wehadexpected.【答案】1.which2.As3.asⅠ.单句语法填空1．Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofhasbeenproved.2．Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp,inshedistributedittothechildren.3．Ilivenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.4．Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.5．Sharingbreadorotherfoodsisacommonhumantraditioncanpromoteunityandtrust.6．Somepeoplearesuccessfullanguagelearnersoftenfailinotherfields.7．Thesunheatstheearth,makesitpossibleforplantstogrow.8．ThenhemetMary,invitedhimtoaparty.

129．Therewasanetbararoundhere,Iremember.10．Hechangedhismindagain,madeusallangry.【答案】1.which2.which3.whose4.when5.that6.who7.which8.who9.as10.whichⅡ.短文语法填空(用适当的关系词填空)Theveryfilm1.iscalledTitanicissuchabeautifulandsadlovestory2.ispopularwiththepublic,3.heroandheroineareJackandRose.Roseisayoungbeautifulwomanwith4.hermotherwenttoAmerica.Jack,5.wonashipticketbyplayingcards,isapoorpainter.TheymetandfellinlovewitheachotheronTitanic6.theyhadahappytime.Sadly,thenicejourneywasdestroyedbyahugeiceberg,7.JacklosthislifeforsavingRose(everyonewillbemovedbytheselflesswayin8.mostpeoplecan'tbehaveinreallife).BeforeJackleftRoseforever,heencouragedRosetolivewellforhim.9.isknowntoall,loveisthestrongeststrength.Andthat'sthereason10.Rosecouldlivealoneandtellusthemovingstory.【答案】1.that2.as3.whose4.whom5.who6.where7.when8.which9.As10.why写作园地人物描写属于记叙文的范畴，它以写人和记事为主，以叙述和描写为主要表达方式。一篇好的人物描写一般分为三大部分，即生平介绍、事迹叙述和简短的评论。时态的选择要视情况而定，若写人物的过去就用过去时态，若写人物的现在就用现在时态。[基本框架]1．首段：生平介绍人物的出生时间和地点是必不可少的信息；介绍生平时要尊重客观事实，材料要真实。2．中段：事迹叙述选材要着眼于人物的生活背景及其成就和事迹，以形成对比，起到突出人物的特点和树立榜样的作用。选材要有重点，不必面面俱到。3．尾段：简短的评论对所描述的人物的评论要客观公正。[常用词块]1．attheageoffour4岁时2．aboyofsixteen一个16岁的男孩3．makefriendswithher和她交朋友4．setupabandofhisown成立他自己的乐队5．alivelyandsmartgirl一个聪明活泼的女孩6．bewarmheartedandgoodlooking热心肠而且漂亮7．becomeafamousactor成为一名著名的演员8．showgreattalentinmusic显示出音乐上的非凡天赋9．bereadytohelpothers乐于助人10．encourageustospeakandreadmoreEnglish

13鼓励我们多说多读英语11．learnfromeachotherandhelpeachother相互学习相互帮助12．behighlypraisedbytheteachersandstudents得到老师们和同学们的高度称赞[常用语句]★精彩开头1．Hehasfairhairandblueeyes.他有金色的头发和蓝色的眼睛。2．AbrahamLincoln,thesonofapoorfamily,wasborninKentuckyonFebruary12,1809.亚伯拉罕·林肯，一个贫苦家庭的儿子，于1809年2月12日生于肯塔基州。3．Sheisanordinarylookinggirl,butherkindnessandconsiderationimpressmemost.她是一个相貌平平的女孩，但她的善良和体贴打动了我。4．Heisagoodlooking,kindheartedman.他是一个好看且好心肠的人。★正文佳句1．Duringhercareerlife,sheobtained132championships,including4Olympicchampionships.在她的职业生涯中，她获得了132个冠军，包括4个奥运冠军。2．Whenhewasstillaboy,heshowedgreatinterestinliterature.当他还是个孩子的时候，他就对文学表现出极大的兴趣。3．He/SheisgoodatspokenEnglishandevenbetteratusingcomputers.他/她擅长英语口语，更擅长使用电脑。4．Hewenttocollege,duringwhichheshowedgreatinterestinfolkmusic.他上了大学，在大学期间他对民间音乐表现出极大的兴趣。★余味结尾1．Hebecamefamousforhisnewtheory.他以他的新理论而闻名。2．Thepeoplehadcometolovehimasaninspiringleader.人们把他作为一个鼓舞人心的领袖而开始热爱他。3．Weregardhimasourmodel.我们把他作为我们的榜样。4．LeiFenghasbeenpraisedforhiscommunistspirit.雷锋因他的共产主义精神而受到称赞。[升格示例]你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1．人物简介；2．尊敬和爱戴的原因。ThepersonIrespectWehavealotofrespectablepeoplearoundus.____________________________________________________________________________________________

14_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[学生习作]ThepersonIrespect　　Wehavealotofrespectablepeoplearoundus.Theymaybeourteachers,parentsoroneofourelders.Asforme，myfatherisImostrespectperson.Myfatherisateacher.Heloveshisworkandhisstudentsverymuch.Heworksveryhardeveryday.Hewillalsosparesometimetoaccompanymeandsharemanyfunnythingswithmeabouthiswork.WhenIcomeacrosssomeproblemsinmystudy，myfatherwilllistentomepatientlyandencouragemetoovercomethedifficultiesbravely.Heachievedalotinhiswork.MyfatheristhepersonIrespectmost.Ilovehimdeeply.点评：1.文章没有分段，缺少框架意识，把所有内容混搭在一起，给阅卷老师评卷造成了困难，从而影响了得分。2.文中出现了汉语式英语。如myfatherisImostrespectperson。3.句式不够丰富多变，只用了一些简单句和简单的复合句，缺少高级句式。4.衔接不够顺畅，意义不连贯，未达到预期目的。[升格作文]ThepersonIrespectWehavealotofrespectablepeoplearoundus.Theymaybeourteachers，parentsoroneofourelders.Asforme，myfatheristhepersonIrespectmost.Myfatherisateacherwholoveshisworkandhisstudentsverymuch.Heworksveryhardeverydaybuthewillalsosparesometimetoaccompanymeandsharemanyfunnythingswithmeabouthiswork.WhenIcomeacrosssomeproblemsinmystudy，myfatherwilllistentomepatientlyandencouragemetoovercomethedifficultiesbravely.Heachievedalotinhisworkandwasrespectedbyhisstudents.Inaword，inmymindmyfatheristhepersonIrespectmostandIlovehimdeeply.在抗击新冠肺炎疫情期间，有太多让我们感动的人和事。请按下面的要求，用英语写一个人物故事。人物可以是医务工作者、社区工作者、志愿者等。要求：1．简要介绍该人物；2．他/她的感人事迹；3．你的感想。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。提示词：COVID19新型冠状病毒___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

15__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[参考范文]TherearesomanypeopleandthingsthathavemovedusinthefightagainstCOVID19.ThemostimpressiveoneisAcademicianZhongNanshan,whowasbornin1936.AtthebeginningoftheepidemicinWuhan,AcademicianZhongNanshanimmediatelywenttothefrontlinetosavethosepatientssufferingfromthevirus.Hewassolovedbythewholenationthatsomepeoplesaid，“Whenwillwegoout?ZhongNanshanasksustogoout,andwewillgoout！”Suchabraveandnoblemanforthecountry,wecan'thelpdeeplyrespectinghim,weshouldlearnfromhim.分层提分题组A基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共20分)1．Myfavoritehobbyisreadingbooksandnewspapers，whichhasbecomeapartofmydailyroutine.2．Thoughallhisfriendsblamedhim，hethathehaddonenothingwrong.3．Iwonderedwhomadethisdecisionandhowtheydrewtheir(结论)．4．Whilebothmenandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlesson(后果)understress，theirresponsestoriskturnouttobedifferent.5．IhavetoyourgenerousassistancewheneverIamintrouble.6．Ifyoudon’tinsistonwhatyouaredoing，undernocircumstanceswillyouwhatyoudesire.7．Weshoulddevelopstudents’abilityto(分析)andsolveproblems.8．IholdthestrongbeliefthatIwon’tbe(打败)inthecontest.9．(创建)in1898，PekingUniversityenjoysagoodreputationworldwide.10．ItwasbychancethatI(遇到)myformerclassmateonthestreettheotherday.【答案】1.vital2.insisted3.conclusion4.consequences5.acknowledge6.obtain7.analyz(s)e8.defeated9.Founded10.encounteredⅡ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共10分)11．toeducation，heeveryminutetostudyingandteaching，sohisfinallypaidoff.(commit)12．Ithathedidn’ttellusthetruth，thatistosay，Icametothethathelied.(conclude)13．Thehasmadeachievementsin.(scientific)14．Throughmygreatefforts，IobtainedanqualificationattheChineseofScience.(academy)

1615．Asyouknow，ismymainmajoratuniversity，andasaconsequence，Imemorizemanypartiesand.(politician)【答案】11.Committed，committed，commitment12.concluded，conclusion13.scientist，scientific，science14.academic，Academy15.politics，political，politiciansⅢ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共12分)16．我要推荐你去西安旅行，那里有很多名胜古迹。(定语从句)(应用文之推荐信)IwillrecommendyoutovisitXi’an，.17．你会交到一些好朋友，他们大多数也喜欢打乒乓球。(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)Youwillmakesomegoodfriends，.18．一听到这个消息，他难以抑制心中的兴奋，高兴地跳了起来。(upondoing...)(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)，hewasunabletocontrolhisexcitementandjumpedwithjoy.19．对于约翰来说，通过制作和卖爆米花来帮助伯纳德过更好的生活是一种莫大的荣幸。(honour，it作形式主语)(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)JohntohelpBernardtoliveabetterlifebymakingandsellingpopcorn.【答案】16.wherethereareagreatnumberofplacesofinterest17.mostofwhomarealsointerestedinplayingtabletennis18.Uponhearingthenews19.Itisagreathonourfor题组B能力提升练Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元ReadingandThinking部分TuYouyouisawardedtheNobelPrizeforMedicinebecauseofherdiscoveryofartemisinin,1.isacrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.After2(graduate)fromuniversity，TuYouyouworkedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine,3.shewascommittedtotheobjectiveofdiscoveringhowtotreatmalaria.Herteam4.(evaluate)280,000plantsandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatments,5.showedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.Inthebeginning，notonlydidherteamtestdriedwormwoodleavesbuttheyalsotried6.(boil)freshwormwood.Butneitherworked.Not7.(acknowledge)defeat，sheandherteaminsistedonanalyzingmedicaltextsagainandfinallydrewa8.(conclude)that9.(use)alowertemperaturecouldmakeartemisininextracted.Asfarassheisconcerned，itisagreathonourforChinesemedicineto10.(spread)aroundtheworld.【答案】1.which2.graduating/graduation3.where4.evaluated5.which6.boiling7.acknowledging8.using10.bespread请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后翻译短文并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：定语从句)MadamCurieBeinganextraordinarywomangenius，MadamCuriemanagedtoobtaintwokindsofradioactiveelements，whichwere1.tophysics.ItwaswidelyacknowledgedthatshewasborninPolandin1967.Distinct

17fromothergirls，shehadastrongpassionforscienceand2.herwholelifetoscientificresearch.Aftergraduatingfromhighschool，shetookupapositionasatutor.In1891，shewasadmittedtoParisUniversity，wheresheachievedgreat3.performancesandbecamethefirstwomanprofessor.Underunbearablecircumstances，sheandherhusbandsparednoefforttoanalyzeandevaluatepitchblende(沥青铀矿)withthe4.ofextractingradioactiveelements.Despitenumerousfailures，undernocircumstancesdidthecoupleacknowledgedefeat.Usingflowchartsandsummingupwhattheyhadstudied，thecouplefinallydrewa5.thatPoandRadidexist，whichwassoonspreadthroughouttheworld.Theirtheory，asotherproductsanddevices，canstandwearandtear.In1934，MadamCuriepassedawayandthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofaremarkablescientist.【答案】1.vital2.committed3.academic4.objective5.conclusion题组C培优拔尖练Ⅰ.阅读理解AIndependenceissomethingthatcanbedifficulttoachieve.Butdon’tworrybecauseherewehavefourbooksthatcanhelpyou.Ifyoudon’tbuylessthanthreeofthem，you’llbegivena20%discount!TheTotalMoneyMakeoverbyDaveRamseyTakingcareofyourfinanceishard.DaveRamsey，afamousbusinessman，isheretotakeyouonthewholeprocessofplanningyourfinance，andshowthemythsofcashadvancesanddebtconsolidation(债务重整)，tomakesureyourfinanceishealthy.Price：$14.49Grace’sGuidebyGraceHelbigGraceHelbigsharedhertipstobecomingagrown-up.ThebookisfullofpersonalstoriesofHelbig，herstrugglesandthelessonsshelearntfromfailingmanytimes.Thisbookisyouron-the-gofunreadwithpicturesanddrawingsofHelbig，andworksheets(工作表)topractice.Price：$7.95TheOhSheGlowsCookbookbyAngelaLiddonHavingsufferedfromeatingdisorderandlivingondiet，AngelaLiddonpromisedtoeathealthilyforever.Shethrewoutherfat-freebutterspray(黄油喷雾)andlow-caloriefrozendinnersafterlearninghowtoproperlycook.Thisbookcontainsmorethan100recipes(食谱)coveringbreakfast，salads，soups，powersnacksandthemaindishesforahealthymealatanytimeoftheday.Weallknowthathealthyeatingisallpartofbeingindependent.Price：$22.22TinyBeautifulThingsbyCherylStrayedLifecanbehard，especiallywhenitcomestorelationshipswithothers.Inthebook，Strayedgivesadviceonloveandlife.Shewritesaboutdifferentsubjects：asonrejectedbyhisparents，amotherwhohaslostherchild.Andthemessagehiddenthroughoutallheradviceisalwaysthat，ifyouwantagoodlife，youhavetocreateit.

18Price：$8.76语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四本书，它们可以在如何独立方面帮助你。1．Howmuchwillyousaveatleastifyoubuythreeofthelistedbooks?A．$5.68.B．$6.24.C．$8.95.D．$9.10.B【解析】数字计算题。根据第一段最后一句可知，如果你买至少3本书以上，就会得到20%的折扣，如果你买了三本书，至少能省(14.49＋7.95＋8.76)×0.2＝6.24，即能省$6.24。故选B。2．WhatisspecialforthebookGrace’sGuide?A．Itisabouthowtogrowuphealthily.B．Itismainlyabouthowtoworkbetter.C．Itisbasedonitsauthor’slifeexperience.D．Itteachesreaderstolearnfromothers’lifestories.C【解析】细节理解题。根据Grace’sGuidebyGraceHelbig部分中的“ThebookisfullofpersonalstoriesofHelbig...”可知，这本书充满了Helbig的个人故事。由此可知，《格蕾丝指南》这本书的特别之处是基于作者的生活经历。故选C。3．Whichbookshouldyouchooseforsomeonewhoisbadatgettingalongwithothers?A．Grace’sGuide.B．TinyBeautifulThings.C．TheTotalMoneyMakeover.D．TheOhSheGlowsCookbook.B【解析】推理判断题。根据TinyBeautifulThingsbyCherylStrayed部分中的“Lifecanbehard，especiallywhenitcomestorelationshipswithothers.”可知，生活可能会很艰难，尤其是当涉及与他人的关系时。由此可知，对于不善于与人相处的人，你应该选择TinyBeautifulThings这本书。故选B。BOneafternoon，afterfinishingshoppinginasupermarket，myfamilyandIwenttothecheck-out.Isuddenlythoughtwedidn’tneedanyofthejunk，andweabandonedallofthose，saving$300.Thatgotmethinkingaboutallourpointlessexpensesinlife.Withapromisethatwe’dstopifitwaskillingus，Iconvincedthefamilytotaketheleapintofrugality.Theruleswerethatwewouldbuynothingfor30daysexceptabsolutelyessentials.Ouradventurebeganwithagreatstart.By9a．m.，mywife，Ruth，hadalreadymadecakesfromoldstrawberriesandpickedflowersIdidn’tevenknowwehadinthegarden.Iclearedthecarbyhandforthefirsttimeforyears.Ireadandreturnedtheneighbor’snewspaperbeforehewokeup.Totalspendingonthefirstday：$0.Asdaysturnedintoweeks，webecamesoproficient(熟练的)atlivingfrugally.Westartedridingourbikestosavegas.Mychild’sfingerpaintingwasrecycledasgiftwrapforthehome-madepresents.WestartedtouseanInternetapplicationlikeSkypeforfreephonecallsandaskneighborswithgardensforextravegetablesandherbs.

19Intheend，wesavedmorethan$2,000bynotspendingforamonth.Whenwebegan，Iimaginedwewouldrushoutthemomentweweredoneandbuyalotofthingsinthesupermarket.Thenmaybehitthemallorgotothemovies.语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家发现一些无意义的花销后，尝试一个月除了绝对的必需品外不买东西，然后省下了两千多美元的故事。4．Whatcanweinferfromthepassagebeforethatveryafternoon?A．Thefamilyhadoftenspentmoneyrandomly.B．Thefamilyhadhadhigherincomeandlivingstandard.C．Thefamilyhadadoptedanadvisablehabitofsavingmoney.D．Thefamilyhadn’texpectedtheywouldhavefinancialproblems.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可推知，在那天下午之前，这个家庭经常乱花钱。故选A。5．Howmanythingswerementionedaboutwhatthefamilydidtosaveonthefirstdayofthe“30days”？A．Two.B．Three.C．Four.D．Five.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三、四句可知，早上9点，作者的妻子露丝已经用草莓做了蛋糕，还摘了一些花，作者甚至都不知道花园里有。多年来作者第一次手动清理汽车。在邻居醒来之前，作者看完并把报纸还给了他。由此可知，第一天提到了家庭为节省开支所做的三件事情。故选B。6．Theendofthestorysuggeststhatthefamily.A．stoppedhalfwaybecauseofunexpectedthingsB．couldbarelyputupwiththelifeoffrugalityC．wouldreturntonormalafterthe“30days”D．succeededinsavingandchangedtheirspendinghabitD【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者他们节省了不少钱，根据最后一段最后两句“当我们开始的时候，我想象着当我们完成任务的时候，我们会冲出去，在超市里买很多东西，然后可能去购物中心或者去看电影”可知，作者只是一开始的时候这样想象的，由此可推知，故事的结尾表明，这个家庭成功地节省了开支并改变了他们的消费习惯。故选D。7．Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A．Anewideacominguptosavegas.B．Afamily’smanagingtheirdailylife.C．Afamily’sattemptnottobuyanything.D．Afamily’swayofsolvinglifeproblems.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第二段第二、三句可知，文章主要讲述了作者一家发现一些无意义的花销后，尝试一个月除了绝对的必需品外不买东西，然后省下两千多美元的故事。故选C。CClassifyingthingsiscriticalforourdailylives.Forexample，wehavetodetectspammails(垃圾邮件)，false

20politicalnews.WhenweuseAI，suchtasksarebasedon“classificationtechnology”inmachinelearning—havingthecomputerlearn，usingtheboundaryseparatingpositiveandnegativedata.Forexample，“positive”datawouldbephotosincludingahappyface，and“negative”dataphotosthatincludeasadface.Onceaclassificationboundaryislearned，thecomputercandeterminewhetheracertaindataispositiveornegative.However，thedifficultywiththistechnologyisthatitrequiresbothpositiveandnegativedataforthelearningprocess，andnegativedataarenotavailableinmanycases.Forinstance，whenaretailer(零售商)istryingtopredictwhowillmakeapurchase，theycaneasilyfinddataoncustomerswhohavepurchasedfromthem(positivedata)，butitisbasicallyimpossibletoobtaindataoncustomerswhohaveneverpurchasedfromthem(negativedata)，sincetheydonothaveaccesstotheircompetitors’data.AccordingtoleadauthorTakashiIshidafromRIKENAIP，“Previousclassificationmethodscouldnotcopewiththesituationwherenegativedatawerenotavailable，butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata，aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata，constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers.Usingournewmethod，wecanletcomputerslearnaclassifieronlyfrompositivedataequippedwithconfidence.”AccordingtoIshida，“Thisdiscoverycouldexpandtherangeofapplicationswhereclassificationtechnologycanbeused.Eveninfieldswheremachinelearninghasbeenactivelyused，ourclassificationtechnologycouldbeusedinnewsituationswhereonlypositivedatacanbegatheredduetodataregulationorbusinessconstraints(限制)．Inthenearfuture，wehopetoputourtechnologytouseinvariousresearchfields，suchasnaturallanguageprocessing，computervision，robotics，andbioinformatics.”语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章向我们说明了计算机分类技术在我们的生活中扮演了至关重要的角色。计算机分类技术可以区分出正面信息和负面信息，从而为我们过滤掉负面信息。8．Howcanthecomputerdistinguishthepositivedatafromthenegativedata?A．Bylearningtheclassificationboundary.B．Byupdatingthedatacollectedregularly.C．Byseparatinghappyfacesandsadones.D．Byintroducingclassificationtechnology.A【解析】细节理解题。由第一段倒数第一句可知，classificationboundary是区分正面信息和负面信息的关键。故A选项正确。9．WhyistheexamplementionedinParagraph2?A．Toprovehowimportantthepositivedataare.B．Toconfirmthatdataoncustomersarecomplete.C．Toarguethatretailersgettheircompetitors’data.D．Toexplainwhynegativedataarehardtoacquire.D【解析

21】推理判断题。由第二段的第一句可知，这种技术的困难在于它需要正负两方面数据，而在许多情况下我们很难获得负面数据。例如，零售商很难获得从来不在他这儿买东西的顾客的信息。文章举出这个例子是为了解释负面信息很难获得的原因。故D选项正确。10．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“newmethod”inParagraph3referto?A．Analyzingbuyingintention.B．Buildingaconfidencescore.C．Assessingtheactiverateofappusers.D．Equippingthecomputerwithconfidence.B【解析】词义猜测题。由第三段的“...butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata，aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata，constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers.”可知，下文中的newmethod指的是“创建一个信心指数”。故B选项正确。11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheHistoryofClassificationTechnologyB．SmarterAI：MachineLearningWithoutNegativeDataC．BiggerData：ComputersAssistingLanguageProcessingD．TheComparisonBetweenPositiveDataandNegativeDataB【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲的是计算机通过学习分类技术可以区分出正面信息和负面信息。并结合第三段末句和第四段的第二句的内容可知，B选项适合作文章标题。