定-语-从-句

定-语-从-句

ID:81796402

大小:48.04 KB

页数:10页

时间:2022-10-13

上传者:胜利的果实
定-语-从-句_第1页
定-语-从-句_第2页
定-语-从-句_第3页
定-语-从-句_第4页
定-语-从-句_第5页
定-语-从-句_第6页
定-语-从-句_第7页
定-语-从-句_第8页
定-语-从-句_第9页
定-语-从-句_第10页
资源描述:

《定-语-从-句》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库

定语从句一、定语从句的定义和结构在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词,充当定语的从句.被修饰的词叫先行词,引出从句的词叫关系词(分关系代词和关系副词).定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as, but,和关系副词where,when,why。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又指代先行词内容,并在从句中充当一个成分。关系词是根据先行词类别、关系词在从句中所作成分以及其他特殊要求三个方面确定的.关系词基本分类: 指人:who,whom, whose, of whom, that,as,/ 指事物:which,whose,ofwhich,that,as, 指人或事物:whose,that,as,/指时间:when指地点:where指原因:why二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词:that, which, who,whom, whose, (as,but)。1) that的先行词可指人或物,以及人与物同指。that在从句中作主、宾或表语:Ilikethebookthat you lenttome.Theboythatisstanding nearthe doorismybrother. He isno longerthepersonthatheusedto be。2)which的先行词是物。which在作从句的主语或宾语:  Theyplantedtheflowerswhich didn’tneed much water。Thedictionarywhichmyfather boughtforme isvery usefultome.我爸爸给我买的词典非常有用。注意that,which指物时有时可互换(二者的区别见“定语从句注意事项”)。3) who/whom的先行词是人。在从句中作主语用who,作宾语用whom。 The teacherwhowentto seemeyesterdayisMr。Wang。 Thegirl whomItalkedwithjustnow willgotoBeijing。 Mr。Readisthepersontowhomyoushould write.4)whose的先行词可以是人也可是物。whose在从句中作定语。whose可用ofwhich, ofwhom换用,不过of which和ofwhom除了表所属外还可以表示部分与整体的关系。He istheboywhose fatheris adoctor。Doyouknowthe ownerofthehousewhosewindows/thewindows ofwhich/ofwhich thewindows facesouth? Hereareten players,threeof whom arefrom London。 Allthebooks,fiveofwhicharebroken,havebeenput away。 whose还可以与它修饰的词一起作介词宾语:10

1 Thebossinwhosedepartment Mr. Kingworkedcalledatthe hospital。①Hestudiesinaschoolwhosebuildings(=)arebuiltontopofa hill.②RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase, _______wasvery reasonable。A。 which priceﻩﻩB.thepriceofwhichﻩﻩC.itsprice ﻩD.thepriceof whose三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词:why, where,when(非正式用法中都可用that代替).它们也可用介词+which代替,关系副词在从句中都作状语。1)why(=forwhich)的先行词只用thereason.why在从句中作原因状语。Idon’tknow thereasonwhy (forwhich)hedidn'tcome.★当先行词为reason时,关系词若不在从句中作状语,就只能用that或which,而不是why。①Thereasonhedidn'tattend themeeting was thathewas ill.②Canyoutellmethereasonyou didn’tfinishyourhomework?③Idon't believethereason hegaveme.④Haveyouasked himthereasonmayexplain hissuccess?比较⑤Hewas late .That'sbecausehegotup late。//⑥Hegot uplate。 That'swhyhe was late。2)where(=介词+which)的先行词是表地点的词,如:house,room,place等。where在从句中作地点状语。 Thisis theschoolwhere westudyeveryyear。★当先行词为地点名词时,关系词若不在从句中作状语,就只能用that或which,而不是where。Thisistheschoolwhichwestudyineveryday.Thisistheschool that/whichwevisitedyesterday.①Thisisthefactorytheyworkedlastyear. ②Thisis thefactorytheyvisitedlastyear。③Ithinkyouhavegottothepoint achangeisneeded, oryou would fail.④He's gothimselfintoadangeroussituation he's likely tolosecontroloftheplane.3)when(=介词+which)的先行词是表示时间的名词,如time,year,day, week等。when在从句中作时间状语。I'llneverforgetthetimewhen(during which)we workedonthefarm.★当先行词为时间名词时,关系词若不在从句中作状语,就只能用that或which,而不是when.10

2 Istillrememberthedaythat/whichishisbirthday。①Nextmonth,youwill beinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.②Thereareoccasionsjokingis notpermissible.③I stillrememberthedayswelivedtogether.④Istill rememberthedayswespenttogether。 四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1)限制性定语从句是对先行词作修饰或限制,缺少从句时句子意义不完整或失去意义.主从句关系十分密切,所以书写时不用逗号分开.Heisthe manwhocame toseeyou yesterday.2)非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作些附加说明,主从句关系不十分密切,所以从句和主句之间多用逗号分开,若去掉从句,主句的意思仍然清楚。一般用which引导,不用that。Mybrother,whoisin Beijing,willcometoseeme.(非限制性) Thebookthat/which you arereadingismine。(限制性)五、关系代词as引导的定语从句1)引导限制性定语从句时用于固定搭配:as/so/such/ thesame+先行词+as从句You can wait formeat thesameplaceaswedid. Beijingisnotthesame(city)asitused tobe。注意thesame···that从句:表示同一人或物thesame···as从句:表示相似的人或物Thisisthesame knifethatI lost.这是我弄丢的那把刀。  Thisis the sameknifeasIlost。这把刀与我弄丢的那把刀一样。注意such···as···定语从句:“像···那样”such。。.that。..状语从句:“如此…以致于…”Weneedsuchmaterialas isbeingusedin yourfactory.(定语从句) This issuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.(定语从句)Thisis suchaneasyquestion thatI cananswerit。(状语从句)2)as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别与which引导非限制性定语从句相比:①as的先行词一般不是一个单词,常是整个主句或短语;which的先行词可以是一个单词或整个主句;②as通常含有“正如。。。那样"的意思,而which没有;③as从句可放在句首/中/尾,而which从句不能放在句首;④as在从句中作主语时谓语中一般必须含be动词,which没有此限制。⑤which从句可表由主句带来的结果,as从句不能。如:Aswehaveseen,theearthisround./As we know,TaiWan belongsto China.10

3Asisreported,manypeople werekilledintheaccident.The earth isround,asweallknow。正如大家所知,地球是圆的。Theearth isround, whichweallknow。地球是圆的,这是众所周知的。Hewentabroard,whichmade his wifefeellonely。他出了国,这让他的妻子感到很孤独。(主句和从句有因果关系)★常见由as引出的类似于插入语的定语从句:as anybodycansee,as weallknow, aswehad expected, asisknowntoall,asiswell known,ashasbeen saidbefore,as often happens,as isreported/said /believed,asis natural, as is(often)thecase等.3)主句是否定句,as引导非限制性定语从句放在句中或句末,as不包含主句的否定含义.Greenlandwasnotacontinent, as people thought.格陵兰并不像人们所想象的那样是一个大陆。Thefactsofscienceare not,assomethink,dryandlifeless。科学事实并不像有些人所想象的那样枯燥无味和无生命力。 世上没有不热爱自己孩子的母亲。七、使用定语从句应注意的几个问题1)当先行词是way,表示方式方法时,引导词可用inwhich或that,并且that可省略。Thisisthewayinwhich /(that)Istudy English.1,Theway__he explainedthesentencetous wasnotdifficult tounderstand.2,The way__heexplained tous wasquitesimple。3,Whatsurprised mewas notwhathesaidbut_____ hesaidit. A。theway  B。inthewaythat  C。intheway D。thewaywhich2)注意区别先行词,引导词。Isthis+名词the onethat从句 Is thisthe名词+that从句Isthisschooltheone thatyou visited? /whereyoustudy? Is thistheschoolthatyou visited?/whereyoustudy?3)注意区别定语从句和强调句式。Itis+名词that(which。。.)(定从)It is +介词+名词that从句(强调句)Itistheplace(that/which)he was born in。(定从)It istheplace where/inwhichhewasborn。(定从)Itisinthe placethathewas born。(强调句)10

4★强调句去掉It is/was.。。that后句子成立,that在句中不充当成分.八、关系代词that与which的用法区别1)一般只用that不用which情况①先行词是不定代词all,any, little,few,some,much,something,everything, anything,nothing,none,theone,等。 Isthereanything(that)I candoforyou? All that theysaid istrue。②先行词被不定代词next,all,no, little,few,any等词修饰时只能用that。③先行词被具唯一性的only,thevery/right,just the,last等词修饰时,只能用that。Theonly thingthatI candofor youis to lendyousomemoney.Thisisthe verybookthatI’mlookingfor。④先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时,只能用that.  He wasthe first(person)that passedthe exam.Hebrought twocatsyesterday.Now Icansee the twothatareplaying inthegarden.⑤先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时,只能用that.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveever seen。⑥先行词既有人又有物只用that。The film starandherfilmthat youhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywell-known.⑦如果两个从句,其中一个关系代词用which,另一个则用that以避免重复. Hebuilt upafactorywhichproducedthings thathad never been seenbefore。⑧主句是therebe,herebe结构,修饰其主语的定语从句常用that引导.Thereisabookonthedesk thatbelongs toFrank.⑨主句主语是who,which等疑问词,为避免wh-词重复只用that。⑩含多个定语从句时,要尽量避免which和that复用。2)定语从句中只用which而不用that情况①当关系代词前有介词时:Thisisthehouseof whichthewindowsfacesouth.②引导非限制性定语从句只用which。which可代表先行词或者前句,译成“这一点,这件事”.Tomcameback, which madeushappy。His dog,whichwasvery old,becameill.③先行词是that, those且指物时,关系词用which。10

5What’sthatwhich wasbrightin the car?④一个句子两个定语从句,为避免重复,一个用that,另一个用which. LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen tous。九、定语从句中用who而不用that情况1)先行词是明确指人的those, one,ones,anyone,people,all时,关系词用who。Those whowantto takepartinthepartyshouldsignyournamehere.Anyonewhodidn'tcomemust be punished.2)在therebe结构中,主语是人,先行词只用who,whom。 Thereisapersonwhowantsto seeyou.3)有多个定语从句时,为避免重复,who, that交替使用。Theteacherthatwaspraisedatyesterday’s meetingwhoisourEnglishteacherwillgotoBeijing tomorrow.4)间隔性定语从句(先行词后有定语或其他成分)为避免歧义,关系词用who指人。Hewasthe onlyoneintheoffice who was invitedto theball。5)当先行词为人称代词时。Hewhodoesn'tmakemistakes makesnothing。注意关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的单复形式根据先行词来确定,即先行词为单数,从句谓语动词为单数;先行词为复数,从句谓语动词为复数。 I whoamastudent muststudyhard.Heisoneofthestudents whoware latefor school. He istheonlyoneofthe students whowas latefor school。十、关系代词前带介词的定语从句 关系代词which,whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,从句常由“介词+which(或whom,不能用that)”引出,即介词提前。若介词与定语从句中的动词等为固定习语,介词提前后习语含义会发生变化,介词就不能提前。Greatchangesare takingplace inthe cityin whichtheylive。 他们所居住的城市正在发生着巨大的变化。.ThefilmofwhichI'm speaking istobeshownatthe People'sCinemanextweek。我正在谈到的这部电影下星期在人民电影院上映。Thisistheteacherfromwhomwe’velearntalot。这就是我们从他那里学到很多东西的那位老师。 The policemanwithwhom Mr。 Henryis talkingintheofficeisafriend of10

6mine。正在办公室与亨利先生谈话的那位警察是我的一位朋友。▲这类从句中的介词也可放在从句的末尾,这时关系代词可以省略也可用that。Theman (whom /that)wesentthe presenttois a doctoroflaw。我们寄给他礼物的那个人是一位法学博士。▲定语从句也可以由“名词(代词或数词)+介词+ which /whom"引出。(此情况下,介词短语有时可前置)。The house,thewindowsofwhich weredamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.窗子遭破坏的那幢房子现在已经修缮好了。Wehavetwospareroomsupstairs,neitherofwhichhas beenmuchusedinthepasttwoyears.我们楼上有两间空房,过去两年内都没怎么用。He hasthreesons, two ofwhomworkinDalian。他有三个儿子,其中两个在大连工作。(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配①Thedocumentswhich theyweresearching havebeenrecovered。 ②Americanwomenusually identifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______they cantalkfrequently.A。 who ﻩﻩ B.as ﻩC。 aboutwhich ﻩD。withwhom  (2)看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks whichIamnotveryfamiliar。2。考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如:①I'llneverforget thedaywhichshesaidgoodbye tome。②TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedatthe NewYear’sparty wasagreatsuccess。A。forwhichﻩﻩB. atwhich ﻩﻩC。 inwhich ﻩD.onwhich3,考查根据句意确定介词①Tom, whomthewindowwasbroken,hasbeen criticizedby his teacher。②Iamlookingfor myglasses, whichI can't watchTVclearly.③Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p。m。_______ time manypeoplehavegonehome。 A.whoseﻩﻩ  B。thatﻩ C.on whichﻩD。by which十一、特殊先行词stage, point,situation,position,spot,site,condition,occasion, activity等表示抽象概念的“场合、地步、进程、方面、境地”等“模糊地点”,关系词常用where。 Ihavecometothe pointwhereIcan’t standher arguinganylonger.10

7 Genevahasbeenthestage wheremanysuch conferences are held。 Thosesuccessfuldeaf dancersthinkthatdancingisan activitywheresightmattersmorethanhearing。常见问题聚焦对于该部分内容,学生在实际运用中主要存在以下问题:I。定语从句意识缺失。1。关系代词被普通代词取代,如:⑴Ihavemany collectionsofstamps,someofthemaremy favorite.    (误)⑵I havemanycollectionsofstamps,someofwhicharemyfavorite。  (正)2。关系代词遗漏,如:⑴Thelastone leavestheclassroompleaseclose thewindows。   (误)⑵Thelast onewho leaves theclassroompleaseclosethewindows.   (正)ﻩ句⑴从汉语意思角度是对的,但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。II.假冒伪劣的定语从句1. 有从无主式,如:⑴MyfriendJane,whoisveryfriendlytousclassmates.      (误)⑵My friendJane,who is veryfriendlytousclassmates,has avarietyofhobbies.(正)句⑴虎头蛇尾,属有从无主式的句子,即有从句但没有主句。句⑵则是一个完整的句子.2。从句成分残缺式,如:⑴Those whoagainstit think thatitisunnecessary to movethezoosoutofthecity.(误)⑵Thosewhoareagainstitthinkthatitisunnecessarytomove thezoosoutofthecity(正)句⑴定语从句的谓语不完整。介词against不能单独作谓语。3.画蛇添足式⑴Ascanbeseenfrom thepicture,thata sadboy standsbetweenhisangryparents。(误)⑵As can be seen fromthepicture,aman who is talkinghappily。   (误)⑶I havemanycollectionsofstamps, and some ofwhich aremyfavorite. (误)10

8句⑴中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句,主句是不需要连接词来引导的。所以,应去掉that.ﻩ句⑵中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句,主句中的who是多余的。句⑶中如果要满足定语从句的话,显然并列连词and是多余的。十二.【真题】1。That evening, ___Iwilltell youmoreabout later,I endedup working verylate.A.that  B。which C。whatD。when2.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork, ______ heoftenwas, hewouldforgetallabout eatingor sleeping。A. that   B.which C. whereD。when3。Haveyou sentthank—younotes totherelatives from_   _ you receivedgifts? A。which  B.them    C。that  D。whom4.Iwish tothankProfessor Smith,without _______helpIwouldneverhave gotthisfar.A. who   B. whoseC.whom D。which5.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,________urgentlyneeded cleanwater, medicineand sheltertosurvive。 A。 which ﻩﻩB.whoC. where D.what6。Alotoflanguagelearning,________hasbeen discovered, ishappeningin thefirstyear oflife,so parents should talkmuchto theirchildrenduringthat period.A。as      ﻩB。it    ﻩC。whichD.this7.Careofthe soulisa gradualprocess________eventhe smalldetailsof lifeshouldbe considered.A.whatﻩﻩB。inwhatﻩC.whichﻩ D. inwhich8. Theair quality inthe city,______isshown inthe report,hasimproved over thepasttwo months。A。thatﻩB. itﻩC。as D.what9。Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,______hassurprisedusall。A。thatﻩﻩB。whereﻩC。whichD.what10。Mariahaswritten twonovels,bothof ________have beenmade intotelevisionseries。 A。them B.thatC。 whichD。what11. Salesdirectorisa position________communicationabilityisjustasimportanceassalesskills。10

9A。which ﻩB。thatC。when D. where12。Inourclassthereare 46students,________halfwear glasses.A.in whom B。 inthem  C。ofwhomD。ofthem13.By16:30,wasalmostclosing time,nearly allthepaintingshadbeensold。A.whichﻩB.whenﻩC.what   D.that14.Weliveinan age________moreinformationisavailable withgreatereasethaneverbefore.A.whyB. whenC。towhomﻩD。on which10

当前文档最多预览五页,下载文档查看全文

此文档下载收益归作者所有

当前文档最多预览五页,下载文档查看全文
温馨提示:
1. 部分包含数学公式或PPT动画的文件,查看预览时可能会显示错乱或异常,文件下载后无此问题,请放心下载。
2. 本文档由用户上传,版权归属用户,天天文库负责整理代发布。如果您对本文档版权有争议请及时联系客服。
3. 下载前请仔细阅读文档内容,确认文档内容符合您的需求后进行下载,若出现内容与标题不符可向本站投诉处理。
4. 下载文档时可能由于网络波动等原因无法下载或下载错误,付费完成后未能成功下载的用户请联系客服处理。
最近更新
更多
大家都在看
近期热门
关闭