毕业论文定稿 李雨柯B2016022301

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ContentsChineseAbstract3EnglishAbstract41.Introduction61.1ResearchBackground61.2SignificanceoftheStudy61.3StructureoftheStudy72.TheApplicationofFreeTranslationStrategiesfromthePerspectiveoftheTransformationbetweenChineseandEnglishCurvilinearThinkingandLinearThinking92.1 ExamplesofUsingFreeTranslationStrategytoTranslateGovernmentWorkReport92.1.1MultipleTranslationofOneWord102.1.2TechniqueofOmission in EnglishTranslationofChineseIdioms102.1.3TranslationPrincipleofTakingtheMeaningGroupastheUnit112.2TranslationPrincipleofAmplification122.2.1TheTransformationoftheArtisticTechniqueof"LeavingBlank"fromChinesetoEnglish132.2ExampleontheFreeTranslationofImages"Dragon"inChineseIdioms142.3.1TheTransformationof"ChineseDragon"and"WesternDragon"153.Conclusion1617

1References1717

2中英思维方式差异对翻译的影响摘要中英思维方式差异始终是影响汉语和英语在逻辑思维、表达方式和语言特色等方面存在差别的一项重要因素。随着全球化发展，国家之间的联系和交往日益紧密。沟通是中国对外政治、经济、文化等外交活动中必不可少的桥梁，而翻译在这个过程中就显得尤为重要。探讨特定的中英思维方式差异对翻译的影响能够有针对性的指导特殊文体，如政府工作报告、中国古诗词以及成语所需要使用的翻译策略，为译者能够翻译出目的语使用者喜闻乐见，符合目的语文化背景和使用习惯的译文提供借鉴。本文通过对汉译英政府工作报告、使用“月亮”为意象的中国古诗词以及与“龙”相关的成语进行举例和对比分析发现，在中式曲线思维和英式直线思维影响下对以上题材进行翻译，使用意译翻译策略更加能够恰当和准确地表达源语言作品的总体内涵和精神。中文政府报告中的习惯用词是精辟简练的，习惯于把大量词语思想极度提炼和浓缩，并且高度概括成精简的词语，而英文讲求用词生动具体、变化多样；汉语古诗词中的月亮往往是诗人寄托离别与相思、故园与思乡，恒与惜时等情怀的意象；中国龙与西方龙在外形、特征和文化内涵等方面都有着极大的差异。要在翻译的过程中最大地减少这些语言和用词的差异所带来的文化鸿沟，就应该抓住译文的想要传达的精神和内涵，而非逐字逐句地进行翻译。分析中英思维方式差异对翻译的影响有利于总结出特定思维方式差异影响下的译文应该使用何种最优的翻译策略。中式直线思维和英式曲线思维是两种语言所反映出的思维方式差异中最具代表性的一对，使用意译翻译策略则是解决以上特定思维差异影响下的特定译文翻译的最恰当的翻译策略。关键词：中英思维方式差异；意译；政府工作报告；意象17

3TheImpactofDifferentThinkingPatternsbetweenChineseandEnglishonTranslationAbstractThedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishthinkingpatternshavealwaysbeenanimportantfactoraffectingthediversitiesbetweenChineseandEnglishinlogicalthinking,expressionandlanguagecharacteristics.Withthedevelopmentofglobalization,thecontactsbetweencountriesareincreasinglyclose.CommunicationisanindispensablebridgeinChina'sforeignpolitics,economy,cultureandotherdiplomaticactivities,andtranslationisparticularlyimportantinthisprocess.ToexploretheinfluenceofdifferentmodesofthinkingbetweenChineseandEnglishontranslationcanguidespecificliteraryforms,suchasgovernmentworkreports,Chineseancientpoemsandidioms,andprovidereferencefortranslatorstointerpretcateringtothetargetlanguageusers'favorite,culturalbackgroundandlanguageusagehabits.ThroughtheanalysisoftheChinese-Englishgovernmentworkreport,theChineseancientpoetrywordswiththeimageof"Moon"andtheidiomsrelatedto"dragon",thispaperfindsthatundertheinfluenceofChinesecurvilinearthinkingandEnglishstraight-linethinking,theabovesubjectscanbetranslatedmoreappropriatelyandaccuratelytoexpresstheoverallconnotationandspiritoftheoriginallanguageworkswithfreetranslationstrategy.ThewordsusedinChinesegovernmentworkreportareincisiveandconcise,andtheyareusedtoextremelyrefineandcondensealargenumberofwordsandideas,andhighlysummarizethemintosimplewords,whilethewordsusedinEnglisharevivid,specificandvaried;themooninChineseancientpoemsisoftentheimageofpoets'feelingsofpartingandlovesickness;hometownandhomesickness;constancyandtreasuretimeandthesymbolofbeauty;theappearanceofChinesedragonandWesterndragonhasgreatdifferencesincharacteristicsandculturalconnotations.Inordertominimizetheculturalgapbroughtbythedifferencesbetweentheselanguagesandwordsintheprocessoftranslation,weshouldgraspthespiritandconnotationofthetranslation,ratherthantranslatewordforword.TheanalysisoftheinfluenceofthedifferencesofChineseandEnglishwaysofthinkingontranslationishelpfultosummarizethebesttranslationstrategiesthatshouldbeusedduringtranslationundertheinfluenceofthedifferencesofspecificwaysofthinking.ChineselinearthinkingandEnglishcurvilinearthinkingarethemostrepresentativeofthedifferencesinthinkingmodesreflectedbythetwolanguages.Freetranslationisthemostappropriatetranslationstrategytosolvethespecifictranslationundertheinfluenceoftheabovespecificthinkingdifferences.17

4Keywords:curvedthinking;linearthinking;freetranslation;governmentworkreport;image17

51.Introduction1.1ResearchBackgroundBecauseofthedifferenceofdifferentcountries'history，cultureandthephilosophysystemformedforalongtime,differentcountrieshavediversewaysofthinkingpattern.ThediversityofthinkingpatterninEnglishandChinesearerootedintheirdifferentculturalbackgrounds,customsandhabits.Thecharacteristicsofthewayofthinkingdeterminethecharacteristicsofthewayofexpressionofthelanguage(杨社英，盖会双).Agoodtranslationistouseonelanguagetocompletelyandaccuratelyexpressthecontentofthinkinginanotherlanguageonthebasisof"faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance"proposedbyYanFu.Thenewlyexpressedlanguageactivities,atthesametime,isalsoacross-culturalcommunicationactivitythattransformstheculturalconnotationofonelanguagecultureintoanother.AccordingtothethinkingdivergenceinChineseandEnglish,translatorsshouldfollowtheprinciplesof"faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance"andadoptappropriatetranslationstrategies(马志媛，2012,6).IntermsofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternthinkingpatterns,manydomesticscholars,likeXinJiayi(2018),YangSheying(2008),GaiHuishuang(2008),agreewiththeviewthatChinesepeoplegetusedtothecurvedthinking,comprehensivethinkingandsubjectthinkingetc.whileWesternersgetusedtolinearthinking,analyticalthinkingandobjectthinkingetc.Thisarticlefocusonresearchingtwodifferentthinkingpatterns,curvedthinkingandlinearthinking,andspecificallyresearchhowthesetwodifferentthinkingpatternsaffectthetranslationstrategyofthreetypesoftexts:Chinesegovernmentworkreport,theimageof"Moon"inancientChinesepoetryandChineseidiomsrelatedto"dragon"sincetranslatingthesethreespecifictextsaremostlyinfluencedbyChinesecurvedthinkingandEnglishlinearthinking.Basedontheexamplesandcomparison,theauthorholdsthatfreetranslationisamoreappropriatetranslationstrategywhentheabove-mentioneddifferencesinthinkingpatternsaffecttranslation.Theopinionexpressedinthispaperpreferfreetranslation,whichisnotthesameasonlyusingthistranslationstrategyinallkindsofChinese-Englishtranslationcases,butusingitwhentranslatorsistranslatingspecifictextlikeChinesegovernmentworkreport,ancientChinesepoetrywith"Moon"asimageandidiomsrelatedtoChineseDragon.Onlybyusingappropriatetranslationstrategiesandtechniquescantranslatorsreachtherealmof"faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance"intheprocessoftranslation(马志媛，2012,6).1.2SignificanceoftheStudyWhenmanyChinesescholarslikeXinJiayi,YangSheying,GaiHuishuangstudytheinfluenceofthinkingdifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishontranslation,theyroughlysumupthinkingdifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishrespectivelyintoimagethinkingandabstractthinking,17

6comprehensivethinkingandanalyticalthinking,subjectthinkingandobjectthinking,linearthinkingandcurvedthinking,etc.ThesedifferencesinChineseandEnglishthinkingaffectthetranslationprocess,whicharereflectedintheextensionofwordmeaning,theconversionofpartsofspeech,theadditionandsubtractionofwords,theadjustmentofsentencevoiceandwordorder,andthechoiceofliteraltranslationorfreetranslationandothertranslationstrategiesortechniques.Thesescholarsmostlydiscussedhowtoadoptcorrespondingandeffectivetranslationskillsandstrategiesinspecialcircumstancesfromthecomplexrelationshipamongthinking,languageandtranslation.Inotherwords,theysummarizedandsortedoutthetranslationskillsandstrategiesundertheinfluenceofdifferentthinkingpatterns,whichisacademicresearchwithhighgeneralization.Theauthorbelievesthatitismorepracticalandinstructivetoresearchtheapplicationoftranslationstrategiesunderaspecificpairofcontrarythinkingpatterns,whichishelpfulfortranslatorstohavereferencewhentranslatingaspecifictext.Therefore,thispaperchoosesoneofthemanydifferentthinkingpatternsbetweenChineseandEnglish,whichisChinesecurvedandEnglishlinearthinking,toresearchthetranslationstrategiesofspecificChinesetexts,thatis,Chinesegovernmentworkreportischaracterizedbycondensed,shortandconciseterms,andusesmoreparallelfour-characterwordswithdistinctChinesecharacteristics,whicharehighlygenerallanguagesandclearlyreflectthecurvedfeatureofChinesethinking.Secondly,theflexibleuseoftheimageof"Moon"inancientChinesepoetryisalsothereflectionofChinesecurvedthinkinginlanguageexpressionandliterarycreation.Moreover,therearegreatdifferencesbetweentheculturalmeaningsof"dragon"inChinesetraditionalcultureandWesterndragon.ChinesedragonisnotonlyatoteminChina,butalsohasadeepculturalheritage.Thesethreespecifictextscorrespondtotheparticulardifferenceinthinkingpatterns.TheabovethreeexamplesareallbasedonthepracticaldemonstrationmaterialsoftheinfluenceofthedifferencesbetweenChinesecurvedthinkingandBritishlinearthinkingontheirrespectivelanguageusehabits.1.3StructureoftheStudyThispaperincludesthreeparts:introduction,demonstrationandconclusion.Thefirstpartintroducestheresearchbackground,thesignificanceofthestudyandthestructureofthestudy.ThesecondpartincludesexamplesoftranslatingChinesegovernmentworkreport,ancientChinesepoetrywith"Moon"asimageandidiomsrelatedtoChineseDragontodemonstrateusingfreetranslationismoreappropriateandviabletothinkunderChinesecurvedthinkingandEnglishlinearthinking.TheauthorusesthreeexamplestoillustratethefeasibilityoftranslatingChinesegovernmentworkreportintoEnglishwithfreetranslation.ThefirstoneisusingEnglishmultiplesynonymstoreplaceChineserepeatedwords.Thesecondoneisusingtechniqueof17

7omission in EnglishtranslationofChineseidioms.Thethirdoneisusingtechniqueofamplificationtoreorganizemeaninggroup.Then,theauthorillustratesthetransformationoftheartistictechniqueof"leavingblank"fromChinesetoEnglish,whichisusingfreetranslationtointerpretandconveytherealreferenceoftheimage,"moon",thepoet'sfeelingsandemotionscontainedinthepoem.What’smore,theauthorexemplifiestheimplicationsof“龙”inChineseidioms,whichisgloriousandauspicious,andcomparativelydemonstratesfreetranslationandliteraltranslationversionsofseveralChineseidiomsrelatedto”龙”tocometoaconclusionthatusingfreetranslationstrategyismoreappropriateonconveyingrealmeaningandculturehiddenbehindthewords.Thethirdpartisthesummaryofthewholepaper.1.TheApplicationofFreeTranslationStrategiesfromthePerspectiveoftheTransformationbetweenChineseCurvilinearThinkingandEnglishLinearThinking.AccordingtothescholarSongRufen(2012),linearthinkingreferstoasingledimensional,directional,narrowthinking,lackofdialecticalthinkingmode,butitisalsoconsideredtobethemostconcisethinkingprocessandtheshortestthinkingdistancetothedeepestlevelofthings.PeopleinEnglishspeakingcountriesfocusonlinearthinking,liketogettothepointandexplainthekeypointsfirstly,andthengraduallydemonstratethem.Forexample,inwriting,whentheBritishneedtoexpressapointofview,theytendtoputitdirectlyatthebeginningofthearticleorparagraphinasentence;inconversation,theBritishtendtocomeupandhighlighttheirpointofviewattheverybeginning,andthendemonstrateitlayerbylayer.UnlikeChinese,whichpaysattentiontotheinternallogicofsentencestoconnect,Englishattachesgreatimportancetothelanguageitself,that’sthereasonwhytranslatorsshouldpayattentiontothedifferencesbetweenthetwosentencesintheprocessoftranslation.WhenitcomestoChinesethinkingandlanguagecharacteristics,itisinevitablefortranslatorstomentionthecoreofChinesePhilosophy,whichis"Theunityofmanandnatureisthesame".AccordingtothescholarGanShaoni(2009),thecurvethinkingpatterntakesretreatasadvance,breakstheadvancefixedtendencyandretreats.Curvethinking,alsoknownasimagethinking,isafour-dimensionalviewoftimeandspace.Therefore,fromthispointofview,Chinesethinkingisspiral,orcurvilinear(罗廷凤,2008(4):10),that’swhyChinesepeopletendtoexpoundsomeexamplesfromtheoutsidetotheinside,tosupporttheirownviews,ortonametheirviewsonlyattheendofthearticleorparagraphafterstep-by-stepdemonstration.Intheconversation,Chinesepeopleoftendetour,untiltheendtoexplaintheirviews.ThesearethegeneralcharacteristicsofChinesecurvethinkingandBritishlinearthinkingininfluencingtheirrespectivelanguageexpressions.Tostudytheinfluenceofthesetwodifferent17

8thinkingpatternsonChinese-Englishtranslation,thispaperselectstheGovernmentWorkReport,theimageof"Moon"inancientChinesepoetryandtheChinese-Englishtranslationofidiomsrelatedto"dragon"asexamples,andcomparesthedifferencesinthewayofexpressionandthestyleofwordsusedinChineseandEnglish,andfinallyconcludesthatthefreetranslationstrategiesinthesecasesismoreappropriatetogetclosetotheEnglishspeakers’usagehabitsandculturalbackground.1.1ExamplesofUsingFreeTranslationStrategytoTranslateGovernmentWorkReportPoliticalpaperisaspecialstyle,oftenusedinformalandseriousoccasions,andplaysanimportantroleinpoliticallife.Thegovernmentworkreportisakindofpoliticalpaper,whichaimstosummarizethegovernmentworkinthepastyear,reporttheachievementsandmakeplansandprospectsfortheworkinthenextyear.ItsEnglishtranslationisawindowfortheworldtounderstandthemajorpolitical,economicandculturalpoliciesofChina.Sincethefoundingofthepeople'sRepublicofChina,manyexcellenttranslatorshavemadeoutstandingcontributionstothetranslationofpoliticalessaysinChina.FangMengzhi,forthefirsttimeinthenewtheoryandpracticeoftranslation,takespoliticalessaystranslationasaspecialdirectionandputsitintopracticaltranslation(朱毅英，2010(10):90).1.1.1EnglishMultipleSynonymsReplaceChineseRepeatedWordsAffectedbylinearthinkingpatterns,Englishpeopleusuallyhavemoreabundantwordsinlanguageexpression.ComparedwithChinese,Englishexpressismorerichanddiverse.AstheflexibleuseofwordsinEnglishtranslationofGovernmentworkreport,translatorsshoulduseasmanydifferentwordsandphrasesastheycouldtoexpressthesamemeaningaccuratelyandvividly.ManyscholarshavefoundthattoomuchrepetitionshouldbeavoidedinEnglishtranslationsinceitdoesn'tconformtotheEnglishexpressionhabit.Inthe2016GovernmentWorkReport,"加快"appeared45times,and"加速"appearedtwice,atotalof47times.Ifallofthemwereliterallytranslatedinto"accelerate",itwouldbetoomonotonousinEnglishaswellasfailedtoexpressthemeaningaccurately.Inthefollowingclassicexamplesentence,thetranslatornotjusttranslatethesamewordliterallyseveraltimes,butusefreetranslationstrategytoexpress"加快"indifferentEnglishwordsandphrasesindicating"速度加快".　　加快改善生态环境Weshould...speedupeffortstoconserveecosystemsandtheenvironment.　　加快推进产业结构优化升级Wewillmovefastertoupgradestructureofindustry.　　互联网与各行业加速融合Thepenetrationoftheinternetintoallindustriespickeduppace.　　政务公开加快推进Effortswereacceleratedtoincreasegovernmenttransparency.InEnglishtranslationofthenoun"民生",thefirstwordtranslatorsflashinmindis"livingstandard",butinordertoavoidthemonotonyofwords,thetranslatorwillalsousesynonymssuchas"people'squalityoflife","publicservices","wellbeing","publicwellbeing","public17

9services","thelivesofourpeople"toreplace"livingstandard".TheseEnglishwordsandphraseswithdifferentexplanationsbutsimilarsemanticsmakethetranslationnolongertedious.Thesearemoreexamples:加快实施创新驱动发展战boosteffectstoimplementthestrategyofpursuinginnovation-drivendevelopment.加快从制造大国转向制造强国redoubleoureffortstoupgradeChinafromamanufacturerofquantitytooneofquality.加快推进农业现代化Wewillworkhardertomodernizeagriculture.Fromtheaboveexamples,itisobviousthattheChineseGovernmentWorkReportiscautiousandconservativeintermsofwords.WordsorsentencesinChineseGovernmentWorkReportusuallyexpressthesamemeaningwillbecondensedandsimplifiedintoaconciseandaccuratewordandusedrepeatedly.InordertoconformtothehabitsofEnglishusers,translatorsshouldusediversewordingtomakeiteasierforforeignreaderstounderstandthefreetranslationoftheoriginaltextsoastoachievebetterpublicityeffect.2.1.2TechniqueofOmission in EnglishTranslationofChineseIdiomsTheGovernmentWorkReportbelongstoatypicalpoliticaltext.Itslanguageisrichinrhetoric,anditfrequentlyusesfourwordstructure,synonymousarrangementstructureandcategorywordswithsamemeanings.ThiskindoflanguagecharacteristicoriginatesfromtypicalChinesecurvedthinkingpatterns.AsChengZhenqiu(2002)said,governmentworkreportusemoreadjectivesandadverbswhichareusedtostrengthenthemood.SuchredundanciesareinlinewithChineselanguagehabitsandbelong.Iftheseredundanciesareliterallytranslated,itwillcausethetranslationtobetardy,obscure,andagainstthesimplewritinghabitadvocatedbyEnglishwhousedtothinkunderlinearthinkingpatterns.Pinkham,Joan(2000)pointedoutthatredundantandlengthywordsareamajorprobleminthetranslationofChinesepoliticalstyles."WhentranslatingtheprofessionaltermsintheChinesegovernmentworkreport,somewordscanbetranslatedliterallyfromEnglish,butthetranslationistediousandawkwardtoread.InChineseculture,somewordsarefullofChinesecharacteristics"(李红霞，2000(5):85-88).SomeofthefourcharactercasesinChinesehaveobviousrulesinform.Forexample,theAABBandABABfourcharacterlatticescanonlybetranslatedintoAB,becausethewholefourcharacterlatticesrepeatthemeaningofAB,playaroleofPhonologicalharmonyandoutstandingexpressioneffect.ThisisbecauseChineseisaparatacticlanguageandisusedtorepetition,whileEnglishisahypotacticlanguage.Forexample,"整整齐齐"means"整齐",translatedinto"tidy",and开开心心"means"开心",translatedinto"happy".The"浓妆"and"艳抹"arethesamething,thatis,canbetranslatedas"heavymake-up".Secondly,becauseoftheemphasisonbrevityinEnglish,thestressonrhymeinharmonyinChinese,thetwopartsofthesameChinesemeaningorsimilarphrasesshouldbetranslatedonly17

10once.Forexample,"兴旺发达"shouldbetranslatedinto"flourishing"cause"兴旺"and"发达”meansthesame.Forthesamereason,"推广应用"shouldbetranslatedinto"popularize";"长治久安"shouldbetranslatedinto"long-term stability";"繁荣昌盛"prosperity";"艰巨繁重"shouldbetranslatedinto"formidable";"统筹兼顾"shouldbetranslatedinto"adopt a holistic approach".WhentranslatingthefourcharacteridiomsinthegovernmentworkreportintoEnglish,translatorsshouldomittherepeatedwordsandphrasesinordertonotonlybeloyaltotheoriginaltext,butalsototargetlanguageusers.Therefore,translatorsshouldfirstconsiderthattheChineseidiomaticwordsintheChineseGovernmentReportareincisiveandconcise,whichextremelyrefineandcondensealargenumberofwordsandideas,andhighlysummarizethemintosimplifiedwords.ThisreflectsthecurvedthinkingofChineseintheuseofwords,thatis,notdirectlystatingitsmeaning,butusingcurvilinearthinkingtohighlysummarizelongsentences.Infact,thelanguageofthishighlygeneralizedandChinesepoliticalpaperisabstract.TheseChinesehabitualwordsandpropernounsshouldbetranslatedintoEnglishcommonnounsandphrasestoaccordwithEnglishspeakers’linearthinkingpattern.2.1.3TranslationTechniqueofAmplificationTheChinesesentencesinthepublicitymaterialsaregenerallyregularandcanbefollowed.TheChinesesentencesaretypicaldailyaccountsentences,andthereisnospecificlogicalrelationshipbetweentheclauses.BeforetranslatingsuchpublicitymaterialsasgovernmentworkreportintoEnglish,translatorsshoulddividethemeaninggroupsofChinesesentences,thatis,theprincipleof"threesteps"proposedbyHangang(韩刚，2019)andsupplementconjunction.“Whatis‘threesteps’?Simplyspeaking,thefirststepinChineseistogiveideas,guidelinesorprinciples.Thesecondstepistoelaboratewhathasbeendoneortobedoneundertheguidanceoftheseguidelinesandprinciples.Thethirdstepistogiveresultsorgoalstobeachieved”(韩刚,2019:7-8).Englishsentencesmustnotbetoolong,toomanyclauses,soastoavoidintertwining,resultinginreadingpressure.Soingeneral,"everystep"canbemadeintoasinglesentence.AfterdividingcomplexandlooseChinesesentences,itisimportanttosupplementappropriateconjunctiontomakeEnglishtranslationmorelogicalandclear.That’susingamplificationtechniquetotransferlanguagelogicaffectedbyChinesecurvedthinkingandEnglishlinearthinking.Let’sanalyzethefollowingsentences,中国的安全环境总体有利。中国致力于全面建设小康社会和构建社会主义和谐社会，经济发展、政治稳定、民族团结、社会进步的局面得到巩固，综合国力显著提升，国际地位和国际影响力提高。中国与主要大国的务实合作继续发展，与周边国家的睦邻友好不断推进，与广大发展中国家的全面交往深入发展，与各国互利共赢的格局逐步形成。Inthisexample,thesethreegroupsofmeaningsof"经济发展、政治稳定、民族团结、社会进步的局面得到巩固,综合国力显著提升,国际地位和国际影响高"seemsjuxtaposed,butin17

11fact,theycanstillbesegmentedbecausethesentenceistoolong,andtheEnglishtextrarelyhassuchalongjuxtapositionofmeaninggroups.Aftercarefulanalysisofthelogicalstructureofthesentence,itcanbefoundthat"经济发展、政治稳定、民族团结、社会进步的局面得到巩固"canbeservedasthesecondstepalsothereason."综合国力显著提升,国际地位和国际影响提高"canbeusedasthethirdsteptoexpresstheresult.Afterfindingtheinnerlogic,translatorsshouldputappropriateconjunctionbetweensentencestomakethemclearandsmooth.Inthisway,itisnolongernecessarytosticktotheoriginalstructure,andthelogicofthetranslationbecomesclearer.Accordingtothislogic,thiswholesentencecanbetranslatedinto"China’soverallsecurityenvironmentremainssound.Chinaiscommittedtobuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinanall-roundwayandasocialistharmonioussociety,anditenjoyssteadyeconomicgrowth,politicalstability,ethnicharmonyandsocialprogress.Itsoverallnationalstrengthhasconsiderablyincreased,ashasitsinternationalstandingandinfluence."中国与主要大国的务实合作继续发展,与周边国家的睦邻友好不断推进,与广大发展中国家的全面交往深入发展,与各国互利共赢的格局逐步形成。ThissentenceisstillatypicalJournaltypesentence,andthelogicalrelationshipbetweentheclausesstillneedstobeclarified.Afteranalysis,itwillbefoundthatthefirstthreeclausesarejuxtaposedandthelastoneissummary.Itismorelogicaltoreorganizethisparagraphandaddsomeconjunctiontomakeloosesentencesclearandlogical.Theofficialtranslatedtextis,"China’spracticalcooperationwithmajorcountriescontinuestogrow,itsfriendlyrelationswithitsneighboringcountrieshavedevelopedsteadily,anditisforgoingstrongtieswithotherdevelopingcountries.Thishasgivenrisetoanewrelationshipofmutualbenefitandwin-winbetweenChinaandothercountries."Fromtheaboveexamples,translatorsshouldrealizethatwhentranslatingtheChinesegovernmentworkreportintoEnglish,differentwaysandhabitsoflanguageexpressioniscausedbyrespectivethinkingpatterns.WordforwordtranslationisnotfeasibleduetodifferentexplanationhabitscausedbyChinesecurvedthinkingandEnglishlinearthinking.TheliteraltranslatedversionneitherconformtothelogicalorderofEnglishtermsnorthelanguageexpressionhabitsofEnglishspeakingcountries.Onlyafterunderstandingthewholeoriginaltextcantranslatorsdividethemeaninggroups,reorganizeandintegratethesentences,andthencarryoutamplificationonthepremiseofcombiningtheEnglishlanguageexpressionhabits,soastobeloyaltotheoriginaltext,expresstheoriginalmeaningandconnotationofthegovernmentworkreportclearlyinEnglish.ThiscanbehelpfulfortheforeignerstounderstandChina'spoliciesandpeople'slivelihoodandachievegoodpublicityresults.1.1ExamplesontheFreeTranslationofImages"Moon"inChinesePoemsThemoonisoneofthemostcommonimagesinChinesepoetry.InChineseancientpoem,readerscanclearlyseethatChinesepeople,especiallypoets,haveauniquefeelingforthemoon.17

12Theiradmirationandaffectionforthemoonaremorethananyothernationintheworld,formingauniqueChinesemooncomplex.WhenChinesepeoplesawthemoon,theywouldtriggertheirheartstrings,affecttheirfeelingsandarousetheirreveries.Thefeelingsandthemerepresentedbythemooninancientpoemsaremainly:PartingandLovesickness;HometownandHomesickness;ConstancyandTreasureTimeandthesymbolofbeauty.ItcanbesaidthatthemoonhasbeenintegratedintotheancientChineseculture,andnonationcancomparewiththeChinesepeopleintheirpreferenceforthemoon.2.2.1TheTransformationoftheArtisticTechniqueof"LeavingBlank"fromChinesetoEnglishAccordingtothestatisticsofscholars,thereare1059poemswrittenbyLiBai,314ofwhichrefertothe"moon",accountingforalargeproportion.Theimageofthe"moon"isthecarrierofhumanthoughtsandemotions,andherimplicationisveryrich.Differentconnotationsofbeauty,freedom,purity,beauty,eternity,desolation,miseryandpartingformdifferentaestheticmoodandsetoffdifferentfeelingsofpoets.ThecharacteristicsofChineseliteratureandartarebasedonimages.Chineseancientpoetryandlandscapepaintingareinthesameline,andoftenusethetechniqueof"leavingblank"toobtainthefar-reachingartisticaestheticconception,leavingendlessaftertastetothereaders.AestheticmasterIseroncesaid:"theuncertaintyandemptinessofthemeaningoftheworkmakethereadertofindthemeaningofthework,thusendowinghimwiththerighttoparticipateinthecompositionofthemeaningofthework"(瓦宁尔1975:236).WhentranslatingChineseclassicalpoetry,thetranslatorshouldgraspthe"blank"oftheoriginalpoem,soastochooseappropriatetranslationstrategiestoconveytheimagesintheoriginalpoemandgivethereaderstheartisticenjoymentofendlessaftertaste.Iftranslatorsneglectthegraspofthewholepoemandtranslatetheimageswordbywordaccordingtotheoriginalpoem,"blank"inthepoemwillbeturnedtodeathanddeprivethespaceofthereader'simagination.Inaword,whenChinesepoetsdescribingthe“moon”,theyarenotactuallytalkingaboutmoonitself,butlyricbyscene.Byliterallytranslate"月亮"intomoonmaycauseambiguitysinceEnglishspeakerswithoutknowledgeofChinesepoetrybackgroundusedtoexpresstheirminddirectly.InordertobetterapproachtheexpresshabitsofEnglishusers.TakeLiBai'swell-knownatranquilnightasanexample:床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。(Net2)Version1Beforemybedapooloflight,Canitbehoar-frostontheground?Lookingup,Ifindthemoonbright;17

13Bowing,inhomesicknessI’mdrowned(许渊冲，2013：49).Version2BeforemybedtherestreamsinthemoonlightItliesthereontheground,lookinglikefrostLiftingmyhead,Igazeatthemoonbright;Loweringmyhead,inhomesicknessI’mlost(王玉书，2004：544-545).Fromtheabovetwoversions,translatortranslates"月光"into"apooloflight".Thetwoauthorsdon’tdirectlytranslatethelightthepoetseesismoonlight.Althoughthepoet'soriginalexpressionis“床前明月光”,butwhenthepoetfirstsawthelightatnight,hedidn'tknowitwasmoonlight,sohesaid“疑是地上霜”.Hemayhavejustwokeupfromadream,withdimeyes,andmistookthemoonlightforthefrostontheground.Ifthefirstsentenceistranslatedaccordingtotheoriginalwords,thereaderwillmisspsychologicalexpectation.WhenXuYuanchongtranslateditinto"apooloflight",heblurredthelightthepoetsaw.Atthistime,thereaderwillthink"whatlightdoesthepoetsee?".Therefore,thereisthenextself-questioning:"Canitbehoar-frostontheground?"Whenitgoestothethirdsentence:"lookingup,Ifindthemoonbright",andthereadersuddenlyrealizedthatwhatthepoetsawwas"Moonlight".Thatis,atthismoment,thefrostlikemoonlightstirredthepoet'shomesicknessandmadehimunabletocalmdownforalongtime.WhenLiBaiusestheartistictechniqueof"leavingblank"toexpresshomesicknesscomplexwiththehelpoftheimageof"Moon",whichcanbetracedbacktothewayofthinkingandcanalsobeconsideredastheembodimentofcurvedthinkinginthetraditionalChinesethinkingintheartistictechniqueofpoetrycreation.Inshort,thepoetdidnotexpresshishomesicknessdirectly,butused"moon"asanimagetohelphimtoexpresshisfeelingsimplicitlyandtactfully.Whentranslatingthispoem,thetranslatorshouldfullyunderstandthefeelingstheauthorwantstoexpressandgrasptheoverallstructureofthepoemaswellasEnglishspeakers’habitofdirectexpressionoffeelings.Whereflexibilityisneeded,theshacklesoftheoriginallanguageshouldbebroken.Intermsoftheimageofthemoon,thetranslatorcanusethewordsinthesuperordinatewordtoreplacethespecificimage,leavingtheEnglishreaderswithspaceforimagination,whichisalsomorelogical.1.1ExamplesontheFreeTranslationofImages"Dragon"inChineseIdiomsWhencomparingthewordsusedtoexpressidiomsinChineseandEnglish,theauthorfindsthatmanyChineseidiomscontainsomeanimalsortheChinesezodiac,forexample,oftencontaintheidiomsof"dragon",whichusuallysymbolizethegoodthingsandvisionwhileEnglishexpressesidiomswiththesamemeaningwithoutcontaininganynounsrelatedto"animals",butmostofthemareexpressedwithadjectivesthatcanintuitivelyandvividlyexpressthemeaning.ThisdifferenceinlanguageexpressionisactuallytheembodimentofChinesecurvedthinkingand17

14Britishlinearthinkingintheusageofwords.Chinesepeopleareusedtoexpressingidiomswithcurvedthinking.Intheirminds,usingtheimagesofsomeanimalsandtheChinesezodiacinidiomscanmorevividlyandconcretelyexpressthemeaningofidioms.Forexample,dragonandtigerarelivelyimagesinChinesepeople'sideas,that’swhywhenChinesepeopledescribingaperson'sdynamicandenergeticstate,thereisanidiominChinesecalled"生龙活虎",andtheEnglishversioncorrespondingtothisidiomis"withvigorandenthusiasm".ItcanbeseenfromthisexamplethatwhenChineseandEnglishexpressidiomswiththesamemeaning,Chinesetendstoassociatetheimageoftheanimalswiththecharacteristicstobeexpressed,establishacurveconnection,expressthemtactfullyandingeniously,whileEnglishpreferstodescribethemwithdirectandspecificadjectivesduetotheirlinearthinkingpatterns.2.3.1TheTransformationof"ChineseDragon"and"WesternDragon"Besides,dragoninChinaandintheWestaretotallydifferentfromeachotherinappearanceandmeaning.Chinesedragonisasymbolofauspiciousnessandluckiness.Itisregardedasasymboloftheimperialpowerinthefeudaldynasty.Ithasalwaysbeentherepresentativeandsymbolofbeautifulthingsdowntheages.Onthecontrary,dragonintheWesternworldisoftentheembodimentofevil.ThiskindofsayingoriginatedfromTheRevelationoftheNewTestament,thatdragonistheembodimentofSatan.ForwesternerswhohavebeenruledbyChristiancultureforaverylongtime,theyalsoimplicitlyregarddragonastherepresentativeofsin,cunningandcruelty(曹桂花,2013).Becauseofthedifferencesincultureandlanguageexpressionhabits,itcan'tbetranslatedidiomsrelatedto"龙"wordforword.Forexample,aliteraltranslationof"龙凤呈祥"into＂prosperitybroughtbythedragonandthephoenix＂wouldbeinconceivabletoWesternerswhodonotknowChineseculture.ItismoreappropriatetoconsiderEnglishspeakers’expressionhabitsandadoptfreetranslationstrategyforthisidiom,thatis,"inextremegoodfortune".ThekeypointoftranslatingChineseidiomsisthatthetranslatorsshouldrealizethereisno"龙"or"凤"intheEnglishtranslation,theyshouldgraspthemainideaoftheidiomandaccuratelyexpresstheconnotationandessenceof“龙凤呈祥”,whichisauspiciousnessandgoodluck.Thereareafewmoreexamplestoapprovetheopinion:theliteraltranslationversionof"望子成龙"is"longtoseeone’ssonbecomeadragon"andthefreetranslationversionis"longtoseeone’ssonsucceedinlife"，theliteraltranslationof"生龙活虎"is"dragonrisingtigerleaping"andthefreetranslationis＂withvigorandenthusiasm",theliteraltranslationof"龙争虎斗"is"fightingbetweenatigerandadragon"andthefreetranslationis"matchedopponents".Isobviousthatliteraltranslationcausesambiguity,nottomentionfailedtoconveytheoriginalidiom’sconnotationwhilefreetranslationexpressnotonlymeaningbutalsoculturevividlyandaccurately.Bycomparingtheliteraltranslationandfreetranslationversionsofidiomscontaining"dragon"withexamples,theauthorconcludesthatthefreetranslationstrategycanmore17

15appropriatelytranslatetheconnotationandessenceofChinesefourcharacteridiomsrelatedto"龙".1.ConclusionThroughtheanalysisoftheChinese-Englishgovernmentworkreport,theChineseancientpoetrywiththeimageof"moon"andtheidiomsrelatedto"dragon",thispaperfindsthatundertheinfluenceofChinesecurvedthinkingandEnglishlinearthinking,thesetextscanbetranslatedmoreappropriatelyandaccuratelywithfreetranslationstrategytoexpresstheoverallconnotationandspiritoftheoriginallanguage.ByexemplifyingmultiplesynonymsreplacingChineserepeatedwords,theomissiontranslationtechniqueofreduplicatedChineseidiomsandthetranslationprincipleoftakingmeaninggroupasunit,theauthorconcludesthatthewordsusedinChinesegovernmentreportsareconciseandsimplex,whichusedtoextremelyrefineandcondensealargenumberofwordsandideas,whilethewordsusedinEnglisharevivid,specificandvariedanddiversified,andtheabovetranslationtechniquesarecanbeusefulreferencefortranslatortoworkonspecifictextlikeChinesegovernmentworkreport.Byexemplifyingtwopositivetranslationversionsof"静夜思",theauthorconcludestheimage"moon"inthispoemrepresentsthehomesickmoodofthepoet,andsuggesttranslatorsusefreetranslationstrategytohandlethiskindoftextsinordertocatchtheemotions,feelings,thoughtscontainedintheimage.Consideringthegreatdifferencesincharacteristicsandculturalconnotationsof"dragon",theauthorconcludesfreetranslationstrategyismoreappropriatebycomparativedemonstratingfreetranslationandliteraltranslationversionsofChineseidiomsrelatedto"dragon".Tosummarize,inordertominimizetheculturalgapbroughtbythedifferentthinkingpatternsandlanguagesbetweenChineseandEnglishintheprocessoftranslation,translatorsshouldgraspthespiritandconnotationofthetranslation,ratherthantranslatewordforword.TheanalysisoftheinfluenceoftheChinesecurvedandEnglishlinearthinkingpatternsontranslationofthispapercanbehelpfultoconcludefreetranslationisthemostappropriatetranslationstrategyReferences17

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