英语-2022年高考考前押题密卷（北京卷）解析Word版

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2022年高考考前押题密卷【北京卷】英语试题本试卷共100分。考试时长100分钟考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。WhenIwasinmiddleschool,IhadaclassmatenamedAlice.Shelikedtotellmemyshortcomings(缺点).Oneday,Alicesaidtome,“Youaretooshortandtooproud!”Hearingthis,Ifeltverysadand___1___.Iranhometotellmyfather___2___it,withtearsinmyeyes.Myfathersaidnothing.Hejust___3___mecarefully.Thenhesaidtome,“ArealltheshortcomingsAlicehastoldyoutrue?Youcanwritethemdownandcheckwhethertheyaretrueornot.”After___4___themdown,Iwassurprisedtofindthatabouthalfofthethingsweretrue.Forsomeofthethings,Icouldn’tchangethem.Butformanyofthethings,Icould___5___them.Forthefirsttime,Iknewabout___6___betterthanbefore.Later,IshowedmyfatherwhatIhadwrittendown,___7___hedidn’treadit.“That’sjustforyou,”my___8___said.“Youknowaboutyourself___9___thananyotherperson.Ifsomethingthatissaidaboutyouistrue,you’llfindituseful.Listentootherspatiently,buthearthetruthonly.”Myfather’sadvicecametomymindatmanyimportantmoments.Itisthebest____10____thatIhaveeverhadinmylife.1．A．angryB．pleasedC．relaxedD．interested2．A．underB．aboutC．atD．in3．A．passedbyB．laughedatC．listenedtoD．lookedfor4．A．writingB．slowingC．cuttingD．pushing5．A．forgetB．changeC．speakD．read6．A．herselfB．himselfC．itselfD．myself7．A．orB．soC．andD．but8．A．uncleB．auntC．fatherD．mother9．A．betterB．biggerC．cheaperD．faster10．A．paperB．adviceC．workD．news

1第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ASharksareoftenthoughtofashunterslivingalone.However,anewstudyhasfoundthatsomespeciescreatesocialnetworksand____11____(connection)thatcanlastforyears.____12____thestudyshowsisthatsomesharksformgroupsofbetweentwoandfourteen.Thesegroupsgatherinthemorninginthesamepartofthereef.Atnight,thesharksleavethereefontheirownbuttheycomebacktogetheragainthenextday.Thestudyalso____13____(note)thatmanygroupsstaytogetherforthewholeprocess.BSomeQinbambootextswerediscoveredinatombinHubeiProvincethatcontainmanyrulesregarding___14___peopleweresupposedtoliveandbehave.ExpertssaythesetextscouldprovethegovernmentinthethirdcenturyBChandedoutcruelpunishmentstopeoplewho___15___(break)theserules.Forinstance,officialspunishedpeoplewhostolemoneybytattooing(刺青)theirface.Therearealsootherancientlawsinthetexts.Oneofthemisthatwhenquestioningasuspect,anofficialwas__16___(strict)forbiddenfromusingphysicalforce.C“It’ssocute!”“Iwantone!”Sincesuchpostsspreadonsocialmedia,the2022BeijingWinterOlympicsmascotBingDwenDwen____17____(become)astaracrosstheglobe.Thelovablepandawearsafull-body“shell”____18____(make)outofice,whichlookslikeanastronautsuit.WiththepopularityoftheOlympicmascot,ithasserved____19____anambassadorforwintersports,bringingjoytothose____20____participatedinandwatchedtheOlympicWinterGames.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ARESERVATIONInordertomakeareservation,pleasefillinthepre-reservationform.Thisformiscompulsoryforalltypesofvisits.Thepre-bookingformisnotaconfirmationofreservation.Youwillreceiveanemailconfirmationifweareabletoaccommodateyourrequest.Ifwedonothaveanyavailability,wewillcontactyoutoproposeanalternativedate.

2Thefollowingmeasuresarecurrentlyappliedforschoolsandyoungvisitorgroups:•Forworkshopsandguidedtours,1classperguidedtourisallowed.Themaximumnumberofstudents/childrenpergroupis25andmasksmustbewornfromtheageof12.Westronglyrecommendthatyoumakeseveralchoicesofdateswhenyoufillouttheonlineformsothatwecanbestmeetyourrequests.•Forself-guidedtours,groupswithareservationwillbegivenpriorityattheentrance.Iftheexhibitsaretoocrowded,wemaynotbeabletogiveyouaccesstotheMuseum.•Safetydistancesbetweenadultsandstudents/childrenmustberespected.Thesemeasuresaresubjecttothelimitationsimposedbythefederalauthoritiesinthecurrenthealthcontextatthetimeofthevisit.RatesAlloureducationalprogrammesarefreeofchargeforthoseundertheageof16(admission,visitandworkshopifdesiredandavailable).•Childrenuptotheageof15:free•Studentsaged16andover:$14•Accompanyingadult(1for1-10students,2for11-20students,etc.):free•Guidedtourandworkshopforschools/educationalgroups:freeofchargeforchildrenuptotheageof15AvailabilitiesTuesdaytoThursdayandFridayfrom9:15a.m.to4:15p.m.21.Whatisamustifyouwanttovisitthemuseum?A.Apre-bookingform.B.Aconfirmede-mail.C.Anoptionaldate.D.Anearlierrequest.22.Whatshouldvisitorsingroupskeepinmind?A.Allthegroupmembersmustwearmasks.B.Thenumberofvisitingstudentsislimited.C.Preferencewillbegivenattheentrance.D.Morechoicesofdatesshouldbeprovided.23.IfMr.Brownwithhistwinsonsaged16wantstojoinintheeducationalprogrammes,howmuchwillhepay?A.$14.B.$28.C.$42.D.Free.BPowerfulstormshadrockedColumbia,Missouri,leavingbehinddeepfloodwatersthatcontinuedtorise.MonicaViet’s16-year-oldsonDominicVietandhis17-year-oldfriend,JosephDiener,hadgoneouttoridebikes

3andcheckoutthestormdamage.Withmorestormsontheway,Monicathoughtitwasbestforchildrentostayhomeinthissituation.Then,shetextedhim.However,sheneedn’thaveworried.Dominicsentherareplysaying,“Mom,wejustsavedagirl’slife.”Here’swhathappened.Theteenswereridingpastabasketballcourtthatwasdeeplyfloodedwhentheyspottedagirlholdingontoapoleandcallingoutforhelp.Theyrealizedshewasseriouslyintrouble.Fortunately,inschool,theyhadbothearnedlifesavingmedalsthatincludedwaterrescues,andastheyglancedaroundattheotherconcernedbystanders,theyknewtheyneededtotakeaction.Together,theyjumpedintothewaterandfoughtthefast-flowingwatertopushthedrowning18-year-oldgirltoshore.Tenminuteslater,theymadeit.Onceondryland,thegirlbegantothrowupwater.Firstrespondersquicklyarrivedandtookhertothehospital,wheresheisrecovering.Theboys’headmastersaidbeingpreparedforemergencysituationsisattachedgreatimportancetointhedailytrainingofourschool.Hehopestheteenswillgetspecialmedalsfortheirextraordinaryactionsthatday!Thetwoboysarenowregardedasheroesforriskingtheirownlivestohelpastranger.“Ifeellikeifyou’reabletosavesomebodylikethat,”Joseph said.“Youcertainlywillbecausethat’swhateveryoneofuswilldo.”“Wedidn’tthinkmuchaboutit,andwejusthadtogetherout.That’sit!Besides,we’retrainedforthis!”Dominic added.24.WhydidDominic’smumtexthim?A.Towarnhimofthecomingstorms.B.Tourgehimtocomebackquickly.C.Tohavehimgotothebasketballcourt.D.Totellhimtorecordthestormdamage.25.WhatdoesParagraph2focuson?A.Whathadhappenedtothegirl.B.Whatthegirldidforherself.C.Howtheboysfinallysurvived.D.Howtheboyssavedthegirl.26.Whatdidtheboysdependontorescuethegirl?A.Theirtrainingandskills.B.Theirparents’encouragement.C.Firstresponders’instanthelp.D.Thesupportfromthepassers-by.27.Whichwordbestdescribestheboysasrescuers?A.Ambitious.B.Demanding.C.Modest.D.Honest.CThepeoplewhohappentobeinacitycenteratanygivenmomentmayseemlikearandomcollectionof

4individuals.Butnewresearchfeaturingasimplemathematicallawshowsthaturbantravelpatternsworldwideare,infact,predictabledespitelocation.Researchersdiscoveredwhatisknownasaninversesquarerelation(平方反比关系)betweenthenumberofpeopleinagivenurbanlocationandthedistancetheytraveledtogetthere,aswellashowfrequentlytheymadethetrip.Itmayseemintuitive(直觉的)thatpeoplevisitnearbylocationsfrequentlyanddistantoneslessso,butthenewlydiscoveredrelationaccuratelypredicts,forinstance,thatthenumberofpeoplecomingfromtwokilometersawayfivetimesperweekwillbethesameasthenumbercomingfromfivekilometerstwiceaweek.Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromabouteightmillionpeoplebetween2006and2013insixurbanlocations.Thisstudyfocusedonlocationsandexaminedhowmanypeoplewerevisiting,fromhowfarandhowfrequently.Theresearchersfoundthatalltheuniquechoicespeoplemake—fromdroppingkidsatschooltoshopping—obeythisinversesquarelaw.Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatternisthattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.Atthecoreistheeffortthatpeoplearewillingtoinvestcollectivelytotraveltocertainlocations,tryingtooptimizetheirdays.Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.Manyresearchersestimatetravelwith“gravitymodels”,whichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesisproportional(成比例的)totheirpopulationsizes.Butthesemodelsdonotaccountfortravelpatternswithincites—informationthatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmissionEpidemiologist(流行病学家)SamScarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.“Thoseorganizationalpatternshavereallyprofound(深远的)implicationsonhowCOVIDwillspread,”Scarpinosays.Inasmallerrurallocation,wheremanypeopleregularlygotothesamegrocerystore,theentiretownwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweepsthroughthecommunity.Butinabiggercity,thespreadtakeslongerheexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimize”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Slowdown.B．Keeparecordof.C．Thinkbackon.D．Makethemostof.29.Whydoestheauthormention“gravitymodels”inParagraph6?A．Tointroducethetravelpatternswithincities.B．Tostresstheimportanceoftrackingdiseases.

5C．Tocomparetheurbanandruralinfectionrates.D．Toshowtheadvantageoftheinversesquarelaw.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbesupportedbythenewlydiscoveredlaw?A．Diseasesspreadfasterinruralareasthaninbigcities.B．Tripdistanceseldominfluencespeople’stravelchoices.C．Epidemicsarehardertodiscoverinbigcitiesthaninruralareas,D．Cityresidentsarelikelytomakefrequenttripstoadistantplace.DTheterm"laborshortage"wasGoogledmoreinMay.Headlineafterheadlinehascitedwagerisesandbonusesthatseemtomakeitajobhunter'smarket.Theconceptsoundssimple—Americancompaniesmustbestrugglingtofindtheemployeestheyneed.Yetsomelaboreconomistswouldarguethepictureisn'tcomplete.Employersareunabletofindtheworkerstheywantatthewagesthey'rewillingtopay.Failingtoappreciatethisdistinctioncouldleadtopolicyerrorsdowntheroad.Thelawsofsupplyanddemandshouldmakespottinglaborshortagesrelativelystraightforward.Whentherearen'tenoughworkers,employerspaymoretogetthemandwagesgoup.Yetquickeningwagegrowthisn'ttheonlymarkofashortage.Thesignisseeingthistrendalongsidestalling（停滞）jobgrowth.Justlookatwhat'sbeenhappeningintheleisureandhotelindustry,amongthemostbruisedbytheCOVID-19shutdown.Afterjobsalmostdisappearedduringthepandemic,we'restartingtoseearebound:InMay,theindustrycreated292,000jobs,faroutpacingothercornersoftheeconomy.Meanwhile,averageweeklyearningshavebeenrisingfaster.Inotherwords,themarketisworkingtoresolveashortage:Whenemployersliftwages,they'reabletoattracttheemployeestheyneed.Yet,theindustrywagesareonlyjustmeetingpre-COVIDlevels;theyarenottoohigh.Toassessashortageaccurately,though,youneedtolookbeyondindustriestospecificlocationsandoccupations.Thetaxicabqueuingmodelwasusedtoaddressthedebateaboutashortageofworkersinengineering.Employersandjobopeningscanbethoughtofastaxis,whileworkersarealineofwaitingpassengers.Dependingonyourlocation,theremaybealonglineoftaxis(say,attheairport),oronthecontraryalonglineofpassengers(atahotel).DemandforchemistryengineersinTexas,forexample,isdifferentfromchemistryengineersinMassachusetts.Thebottomlineisthat,inthemarket,shortagesarenotuniversal.Simultaneousshortagesandsurplusescancometotheforceacrosstheeconomyatanygivenpoint,whichiswhybroad-brushpoliciescanbe

6counterproductive.31.Whatcouldleadtopolicymistakesinthefuture?A.Theviewsofsomelaboreconomists.B.Misunderstandingsaboutlaborshortages.C.Workerswhohavedifficultyinfindingjobs.D.Thesalariestheemployersarewillingtopay.32．WhatdoesMay'sreboundjobsintheleisureandhotelindustrytellus?A.Theleisureandhotelindustryisdoingaverysuccessfulbusiness.B.Rapidwagegrowthconnectswithstallingemploymentgrowth.C.TheeconomyrecoveredquicklyaftertheCOVID-19.D.EmployeesareeagertoworkaftertheCOVID-19.33.Whydoestheauthormention“Thetaxicabqueuingmodel”inparagraph5?A．Toexplainanopinion.B．Toclarifyaconcept.C．Topresentafact.D．Tomakeaprediction.34．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.JobmarketisexpectedtobestrongerB.TakewisdomtoassesslaborshortagesC.CompetitorsareeagertokeeptalentD.Letthemarketfixlaborshortages第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。Technologyisan amenity（舒适，便利）ofmodernlifenowadays.However,hackers（黑客）arestandingbesideyou!Theymanagetohackusers’accountandstealsensitivedata.Hereare4topgoldenrulesonhowtobesafeonline.l35.Theresearchconductedin2019byTheHarrisPollshowedthat21%ofrespondentsdon’tupdateregularlytheappstheyuse.36. Itisexplainedbythefactthatnewvirusesappeareveryday.Andtheupdatesaremeanttopreventthem. lUseuniquepasswordsforyouraccounts.Unfortunately,65%ofpeopletendtouseonepasswordforseveralaccounts,whichincreases securityand

7privacyrisk.It’sasdangerousasifonewoulduseonekeyforaflat,car,officeandstrongbox.37. Toescapesuchthreats,it’sstronglyencouragedthatyou createpasswordsthatwouldbedifficulttoguess. l38.Whatifamanfailstoaccessaccountorforgetsthepassword?Itwon’tbeaproblemifhe/sheusesanadditionalaccounttorenewtheblockedone.Specifythebackupaddressorphonenumberwhenregistering. lBackupyourdata.Sometimesithappensthataccountsundergohackingattacksdespitethefactthatallnecessaryprecautions（预防措施）weretaken.Whenthisoccurs,thesafestwaytogetridoftheviruswareistoremoveandresetthesystem.39.A.Upgradesoftwareonanongoingbasis.B.Createanaccounttorenewaccessifnecessary.C.Itisvitalforyoutoupgradeyoursoftwareinyourdailyusing.D.Oncelost,thiskeymightbeusedtogetaccesstoallyourpossessions. E.Thus,theonlywaytogetaccesstoyourdataistorestorethebackup.F.However,thelastsoftwareversionisamusttobeprotectedontheInternet.G.Theythoughtonepasswordisalwaysmoreconvenientforthemtouseintheirdailylife.第三部分书面表达（共两节，共32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。TheChinesecapital,thefirstcityintheworldtohostthesummerandthewinterOlympicGames,hascomeupwithinnovativehigh-techstandardsforBeijing2022,deliveringChina’spromisetoholda“simple,safeandsplendid”event.AstheWinterOlympicGamescontinueinChina,someofthedifferenttechnologiesarebeingusedinBeijing.JournalistsreportingontheWinterOlympicsareofferedthechancetosleeponthejobthankstothehigh-techcabins(房舱)attheBeijingmediacentre.The20sleeprestcabinsweredevelopedbyChina’sKeesonTechnologyCorp,andwithasimplescanoftheirphones,journalistscanusethemforpowernapsforuptoanhour.Thespaciouscabinsareequippedwiththesametypeofbedsprovidedfortheathletes.Thesmartbedswithsensorscancollectinformationonthingslikebreathingandheartrates.Userscanadjustthepositionofthebeds,whichhaveamassagesetting,byusingaremotecontrolortheirphone.Thebedsalsohavecontrolstopermituserstochoosedifferentsleepingpositions,includingonecalled“zerogravity”,whichisespeciallydesignedfor

8theBeijingWinterGames.Raisingthehead15degreesandlegsby35degreesisbeneficialforbloodcirculationandabletohelptheuserstorelievestressandgetagoodnightsleep.Sofar,thirtytofortypeopleadayhaveusedthecabinsattheBeijingmediacentre.Thecabinsarefullycleanedaftereachuse.ThesleeprestcabinsarejustoneofanumberofinnovationsattheGames.ThecityhasgonetogreatlengthstomaketheWinterOlympicsasmartsportsexperience.40.Accordingtothepassage,whathigh-techequipmentisprovidedtojournalistsattheBeijingmediacentre?41.Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedpart"powernaps"inthesecondparagraph?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Thesmartbedshavemanyfunctions,suchastreatingbreathingandheartdiseases,providingmassagesettingandpermittingzerogravitysleepingposition.43.Therearemanyotherhigh-techproductsusedinourdailylife.Pleaseintroduceanotherhigh-techproduct.(Inabout40words)第二节:书面表达（共一题，20分)目前，劳动教育越来越受重视，劳动可以强健学生体魄，磨练学生意志，培养学生的良好品格，但有些学生认为高中生功课比较忙，劳动太占时间或影响学习……为此，你校校报英语专栏就此话题发起征文活动，请你以“MyOpiniononLaborEducation”为题撰写一篇短文参加征文活动。注意：1.词数100词左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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102022年高考考前押题密卷【北京卷】英语·全解全析第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完型填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者听见别人对自己不好的评价很生气，告诉爸爸后爸爸给了建议，就是“你比任何人都了解你自己。如果对你的评价是真的，你会发现它很有用。耐心地倾听别人，但只听真相。”1．A【解析】由上文的“Youaretooshortandtooproud”可知，听到别人说自己太矮了，作者当然会生气。故选A。2．B【解析】后文的“it”指代上文别人对作者不好的评价，可知作者回家把这事情告诉给了父亲，故选B。3．C【解析】由上文的“Myfathersaidnothing”可知，父亲没说什么，只是认真听作者说，故选C。4．A【解析】由上文的“Youcanwritethemdown”可知，空格处所在句子表示“在把它们写下来之后，我惊讶地发现，大约一半的事情是正确的”，故选A。5．B【解析】由上文的“Forsomeofthethings,Icouldn’tchangethem”可知，句子表示“有些事情，我无法改变。但对于许多事情，我可以改变它们”，故选B。6．D【解析】由第8空后的“Youknowaboutyourself”可知，空格所在句子表示“我第一次比以前更了解自己”，故选D。7．D【解析】由后文的“That’sjustforyou”可知，父亲没有读，说那个东西是给作者的，空格处用表示转折的but，故选D。8．C【解析】由上文的“IshowedmyfatherwhatIhadwrittendown”可知，作者是给父亲看自己写的东西，所以此处是父亲告诉作者“那是给你的”。故选C。9．A【解析】由上文的“Iknewabout___6___betterthanbefore”可知，空格处所在句子表示“你比任何人都了解你自己”，空格处意为“更好地”，故选A。10．B【解析】由上文的“Myfather’sadvice”可知，此处表示“这是我一生中得到的最好的建议”。故选B。第二节语法填空11.connections12.What13.notes14.how15.broke16.strictly17.hasbecome18.made19.as20.who第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）A

11【语篇解读】本文是应用文。主题语境是人与社会。主要说明了在参观博物馆之前需要注意的事项。21.A【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“Inordertomakeareservation,pleasefillinthepre-reservationform.Thisformiscompulsoryforalltypesofvisits.”可知在参观博物馆之前必须要填写一个提前预订表。22.B【解析】细节理解题。由“Themaximumnumberofstudents/childrenpergroupis25…”可知人数是有限制的。23.B【解析】细节理解题。由“Studentsaged16andover:$14”以及“Accompanyingadult(1for1-10students,2for11-20students,etc.):free”计算可知。B【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文。强风暴袭击了密苏里州哥伦比亚地区，造成持续上涨的深洪水。多米尼克·维耶(DominicViet)和朋友约瑟夫·迪纳(JosephDiener)骑车出去查看暴风雨造成的损失，途中，他们利用自己在校学到的急救知识，救出了一名落水的女孩。24.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Monicathoughtitwasbestforchildrentostayhomeinthissituation.Then,shetextedhim.”信息可知，莫妮卡给儿子发短信是想叫他尽快回家。故选B。25.D【解析】段落大意题。第二段主要谈了：多米尼克和朋友约瑟夫看见落水女孩处于危险之中，他们奋不顾身跳进洪水，成功将女孩救起。因此，本段重点是谈他们救人的整个过程。故选D。26.A【解析】细节理解题。第二段“theyhadbothearnedlifesavingmedalsthatincludedwaterrescues…”；第四段“beingpreparedforemergencysituationsisattachedgreatimportancetointhedailytrainingofourschool”；最后一段“Besides,we’retrainedforthis”，这些信息说明，正是他们平时所得到的训练和技能帮助他们救了女孩。故选A。27.C【解析】推理判断题。最后一段中，两个孩子谈到：他们救人时没有想那么多，只是想把人救起来而已。而且，每个人遇到这种情况，都会这样做的。由此推知，尽管他们现在被视为英雄，但很低调。故选C。C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一项新研究，利用简单数学定律预测全球城市旅行模式，并介绍该定律的优点。28.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段“Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatternisthattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.”可知，人们的资源、时间和精力有限，所以人们要使他们的一天达到最优化的效果。故推知optimize的意思是“使最优化”与makethemostof意义一致，故选D。29.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第六段“Manyresearchersestimatetravelwith“gravitymodels”,whichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesisproportional(成比例的)totheirpopulationsizes.Butthesemodelsdonotaccountfortravelpatternswithincites—informationthatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmissionEpidemiologist(流行病学家)SamScarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.”可知，本段主要说明“重力模型”的缺点，它没有考虑到城市内部的旅行，会对处理疾病传播有影响。第五段“Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningthe

12placementofnewshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.”说明了平方反比原理的优点。故推知，作者在第六段中提到gravitymodels是为了展现重力模型的缺点及平方反比原理的优点，故选D。30.A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inasmallerrurallocation,wheremanypeopleregularlygotothesamegrocerystore,theentiretownwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweepsthroughthecommunity.Butinabiggercity,thespreadtakeslongerheexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.”可知，病毒在农村地区的传播速度比在大城市传播的速度快，故选A。D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述市场调节劳动力短缺问题，从实际出发，因时度势，任何偏颇的观点可能会使政策适得其反。31.B【解析】细节理解题。从第二段“这个概念听起来很简单——美国公司肯定很难找到他们需要的员工。然而，一些劳动经济学家会说，情况还不完整。雇主无法以他们愿意支付的工资找到他们想要的工人。未能认识到这一区别，可能会导致今后的政策失误。”可知选B项。32.B【解析】细节理解题。从第四段可知：工资的快速增长并不是劳动力短缺的唯一标志。比如疫情后，五月份的休闲和酒店行业，尽管岗位激增，工资快速提升，主要是前段时间受COVID-19关闭影响的原因。故选B项。33.A【解析】推理判断题。第五段前两句“然而，要准确评估短缺情况，你需要把目光从行业转移到特定的地点和职业。用出租车排队模型来解决工程界关于工人短缺的争论。”可知，用出租车排队模型主要是解释上述提到的观点。故选A。34.D【解析】标题归纳题。文章第一段引出“劳动力短缺”话题；第二段讲述一般人和经济学家对劳动力短缺的不同理解，不同的理解可能会导致今后的政策失误；第三段讲述在市场中，供求规律应该使发现劳动力短缺相对简单，即当没有足够的工人时，雇主会支付更多的工资来雇佣工人，工资就会上涨。第四段进行反证，工资快速增长并未引起劳动力短缺；第五段用出租车排队模型解释劳动力供求关系不一样的情况；第六段是总结段讲述劳动力短缺和盈余都可能在整个经济中出现，这就是为什么笼统的政策可能适得其反，必须具体问题具体对待，和第二段主题相呼应。分析看出，文章主要讲述劳动力短缺是由市场调控的。第二节七选五【语篇解读】文章讲述了现代社会科技给人们带来便利的同时黑客们也在设法侵入用户的账户窃取敏感数据，以及在使用网络的同时如何让自己更安全的四大黄金规则。35.A【解析】此处为标题性句子，为四大黄金法则之一。空格后一段主要是说明“要及时升级数据”的话题，故选A。36.F【解析】本段讲的是“要及时升级数据”的话题，空格后“...virusesappeareveryday...”跟F选项中的“...versionisamusttobeprotected...”呼应，故选F。

1337.D【解析】本段讲述的是“为自己的账户设置独一无二的密码”这一方法。空格前一句“It’sasdangerous…onekeyforaflat,car,officeandstrongbox”与D选项中的“key”同词复现，故选D。38.B【解析】此处为标题性句子，也为四大黄金法则之一。空格后一段中“...usesanadditionalaccounttorenewtheblockedon…”，可知选B。39.E【解析】此处为总结性话语，空格前说明的是“toremoveandresetthesystem”,引出下E选项“获取数据的唯一的方法就是恢复备份”。第三部分书面表达（共两节，共32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）【答案】40.Thehigh-techcabins.41.Ashortrelaxingsleepthatmakesusersrelievestress.42.Thesmartbedshavemanyfunctions,suchastreatingbreathingandheartdiseases,providingmassagesettingandpermittingzerogravitysleepingposition.Becausethesmartbedswithsensorscancollectinformationonthingslikebreathingandheartrates.43.Iwanttointroducesweepingrobotstoyou.Sweepingrobotsplayaroleinourdailylife.Theycanhelpustosweepthefloorcleanlyandchargeautomatically,whichsaveourtimeandenergy.【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍北京冬奥会上高科技房舱及智能床。40.考查细节理解。根据第二段“JournalistsreportingontheWinterOlympicsareofferedthechancetosleeponthejobthankstothehigh-techcabins(房舱)attheBeijingmediacentre.”可知，北京媒体中心为记者们提供了高科技舱房。故答案为Thehigh-techcabins.。41.考查词句猜测。根据第二段“JournalistsreportingontheWinterOlympicsareofferedthechancetosleeponthejobthankstothehigh-techcabins(房舱)attheBeijingmediacentre.”及“foruptoanhour(长达一个小时)”及第三段“Raisingthehead15degreesandlegsby35degreesisbeneficialforbloodcirculationandabletohelptheuserstorelievestressandgetagoodnightsleep.”可知，高科技舱房的设计是为了使冬奥会的记者们有机会在工作中睡一个小时的觉，并帮助使用者缓解压力。故推知powernaps的意思是“让人放松和减轻压力的小睡”。故答案为Ashortrelaxingsleepthatmakesusersrelievestress.42.考查细节理解。带有传感器的智能床可以收集有关呼吸和心率等信息。用户可以使用遥控器或手机调整具有按摩设置的床的位置。床还具有控件，允许用户选择不同的睡眠姿势，包括一个称为“零重力”的睡姿，这是专门为北京冬季奥运会设计的。可知，智能床可以提供按摩、支持“零重力”睡姿、收集有关呼吸和心率等信息。但并不能治疗呼吸和心脏疾病。故答案为Thesmartbedshavemanyfunctions,suchastreatingbreathingandheartdiseases,providingmassagesettingandpermittingzerogravitysleepingposition.Becausethesmartbedswithsensorscancollectinformationonthingslikebreathingandheartrates.43.考查开放性试题。答案合理即可，如Iwanttointroducesweepingrobotstoyou.Sweepingrobotsplayaroleinourdailylife.Theycanhelpustosweepthefloorcleanlyandchargeautomatically,whichsaveourtimeandenergy.

14第二节书面表达PossibleVersionMyOpiniononLaborEducationCurrently,laboreducationhasbeenincreasinglyattachedgreatimportanceto,butsomestudentsjustburythemselvesinbooks.Theythinkthatitisawasteoftimeiftheydolabor.Soisitnecessaryforstudentstodoit?Actually,timespentlaboringwillberewarding.Itcanpromotestudentstodeveloppracticalskills,strongwill,unityandcooperationofgoodquality.Meanwhile,theyarealsogiventhechancestocontributetheirsharesandoftenrewardedwithaspiritualfulfillment.Ihavefrequentlybeenencouragedtoactivelyengageinsomehouseworkathomesincemyearlyage.ThereforeIhavegrownmoreskilfulandamwillingtotakemyshareofobligationeitherathomeoratschool.Itturnsoutthatpushingourselvesonlaborisverybeneficialandessential.