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ID：7926576
大小：1.16 MB
页数：10页
时间：2018-03-02
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1、UrinalysisPhysicalpropertiesUrinalysisColorandclaritypHSpecificvolumeChemicalconstituentsProteinGlucose,etc.MicroscopicexamofsedimentPhysicalPropertiesClarityColor:yellownormalisclear/transparentYellow–duetourochromeAlkaline:cloudy(precipitationofcrystals)Affectedby
2、:UTI:WBCandalkalinityConcentrationPink“dust”:amorphousuratesFoodDyesBlood1SpecificGravityDegreeofconcentrationOdor:volatileacidsNormal:1.003-1.030,usually1.010-1.025Ammoniacal:oldspecimenUrinometer:weightedbulbFruity:ketonesFloats“high”inconc.spec,“low”indiluteFoul
3、:urinarytractinfectionCalibratetoread1.000indistilledwaterCorrectforproteinorglucoseRefractometer:RatioofvelocityoflightinairtovelocitythroughsolutionCorrelateswellwithspecificgravityVolumeLowspecificgravity:hypostenuriaDiabetesinsipidus:impairedADHNormalvolume:700-2000m
4、L/24hoursPolyuria:LossofconcentratingabilityIncreasedfluidintakeHighspecificgravity:hypersthenuriaDiureticsAdrenalinsufficiencyNervousness/anxietyHepaticdiseaseOliguria:DecreasedfluidintakeorexcessfluidlossCongestiveheartfailureIncreasedsaltingestionFixedspecificgra
5、vity:isosthenuriaRenalshutdownLossofbothconcentratinganddilutingfunctionObstructiontourineflowAnuria2pHpH:usually~6Normal:4-8(usually6)RegulationofbloodpHAcidurine:Reagentstripsuse2acid-baseindicatorsHighproteindietMethylredAcidosis/uncontrolleddiabetesmellitusBrom
6、thymolblueAlkalineurineAftermeals-alkalinetideHighvegetabledietsUTIRenaltubularacidosisGlucoseEnzymatictests:specificforglucoseChemicalPropertiesCopperReductiontests:allreducingsugars“passingthrough”:solutiongoesthroughentirerangeofcolorsandbackto“greenish”becauseoflarge
7、amountofsugar3Non-glucosereducingsugars:Glucose:glucosuriaorglycosuriaLactose:lactatingwomenBloodlevelsofglucoseexceedrenalGalactose:“galactosemia”,leadingtothreshold(160mg/dL)severementalandphysicaldeteriorationRenalglucosuriaanddeathDiabetesmellitus-alsoincreasedvolumewit
8、hFructose:sometimesinhepaticdisordershighspeci
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