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ID:7918261
大小:1.40 MB
页数:40页
时间:2018-03-02
《chapter 14 signaling pathways that control gene activity外语英文电子书》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、14highSIGNALINGPATHWAYSTHATlowCONTROLGENEFluorescenceresonanceenergytransfer(FRET)detectstimeACTIVITYandlocationofactivationofRasproteininlivecellstriggeredbyepidermalgrowthfactor.[MichiyukiMatsuda,ResearchInstituteforMicrobialDiseases,OsakaUniversity.]hedevelo
2、pmentofallorganismsrequiresexecutionofstimulationofsomeGprotein–coupledreceptorsleadstoaacomplexprogramwherebyspecificgenesareacti-riseincAMPandthecAMP-dependentactivationofproteinTvatedandrepressedinspecificsetsofcellsandinapre-kinaseA.Aftertranslocatingtothen
3、ucleus,proteinkinaseAcisetimesequence.ManydevelopmentalchangesingenephosphorylatesandtherebyactivatestheCREBtranscriptionexpressionaregeneratedbyextracellularsignalingmoleculesfactor.thatactoncell-surfacereceptors.MostofthesesignalsareInthischapter,wefocusonfiv
4、eotherclassesofcell-soluble,secretedfactorsthatactinaparacrinefashiononre-surfacereceptorsthatillustrateadditionalsignal-inducedceiving(target)cellsnearthereleasingcell.However,somemechanismsofactivatingtranscriptionfactors.Stimulationsignalingproteinsarethemse
5、lvesattachedtothecellsurface,oftransforminggrowthfactor(TGF)receptorsandcy-wheretheyinteractwithcell-surfacereceptorsonadjacenttokinereceptorsleadsdirectlytoactivationofcytosolictran-cellstoalterthereceivingcell’spatternofgeneexpression.scriptionfactorsasther
6、esultofphosphorylationbyakinaseEvenmaturecellsthatarepartofadifferentiatedtissuethatispartofthereceptororassociatedwithit.Theacti-constantlychangetheirpatternsofgeneexpression.Inlargevatedtranscriptionfactorsthentranslocateintothenucleusmeasurethisoccursbecause
7、ofmanydifferentcell-surfacere-andactonspecifictargetgenes.Inthecaseofreceptorceptorsthatcontinuallyreceiveinformationfromextracellu-larsignalsandtransducethisinformationintoactivationofspecifictranscriptionfactorsthatstimulateorrepressex-OUTLINEpressionofspecif
8、ictargetgenes.Manysuchsignalingpath-14.1TGFReceptorsandtheDirectActivationwaysleadtoalterationsinthecell’smetabolicactivities.ofSmadsLiver,forexample,respondstofluctuations
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