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《o'collins gerald. mary magdalene as major witness to jesus' resurrection. theological studies 48.4 1987 631646外语英文电子书》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、TheologicalStudies48(1987)MARYMAGDALENEASMAJORWITNESSTOJESUS'RESURRECTIONGERALDO'COLLINS,S.J.GregorianUniversity,RomeandDANIELKENDALL,S.J.UniversityofSanFranciscoTHETITLEofthisarticledemandsadefinitionofterms.ThoughmostreaderswillimmediatelyrecognizeM
2、aryMagdaleneasahistoricalperson,andsomemaystill(wrongly)identifyherwith"thewomanwhowasasinner"(Lk7:37),neverthelesstheterms"majorwitness"and"resurrection"areoftenunderstoodindifferentwaysbydiversepersons.Indeed,infirst-centuryJudaismwomenwerenotqualif
3、iedtotestifyintrialsaswitnesses1("Fromwomenletnoevidencebeaccepted,becauseofthelevityandtemerityoftheirsex;neitherletslavesbearwit•ness..."2).Thus,if"witness"wereappliedtoMaryMagdaleneinthelegalcontextofthosetimes,thetitleofthisarticlewouldinvolveacon
4、tradictioninterms.Somepeopleconsider"resurrection"tobemerelyanidea3or,attheotherextreme,thesimpleresuscitationofacorpseratherthanthenew,transformedlifeforauniqueperson,JesusChrist.Thefactthatsomewomen,andMaryMagdaleneinparticular,werecitedbytheNewTest
5、amentaswitnessesfortheresurrectionevokedscornfromthosewhoopposedearlyChristianity.OrigenneededtorefutethechargethatbeliefintherisenJesuswasbasedonthetestimonyofa"hystericalfemale,"andperhapsbysomeoneelse(Peter?).4Invariousformsthisprejudiceagainstacce
6、ptingwomenaswitnesseshascontinuedthroughthecenturies.Forinstance,ErnestRenanbuiltupMaryMag-1"Witness"isoftenusedincontemporaryEnglishinmuchthesamewayitisusedintheBible;cf.TheNewInternationalDictionaryofNewTestamentTheology,ed.ColinBrown(GrandRapids,Mi
7、ch.:Zondervan,1978).Thetwodefinitionswhichinterestusconcerntheactualtestimonyandtheonewhogivesthetestimony.2FlaviusJosephus,Antiquities(4,8,15),tr.H.St.J.Thackeray(NewYork:Putnam,1930)580-81.Thatwomenarenotqualifiedaswitnessesisanoldandgenerallyheld(t
8、hereforeanonymouslytransmitted)principle;seeespeciallyMishnahShebueoth4:1;cf.Deut19:17(H.L.StrackandP.Billerbeck,KommentarzumNTausTalmudundMidrasch3[Munich:Beck,1926]560c).Onlyinthoseveryseldomandveryurgentcaseswhereonewitnessonlyissufficient,