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1、通过阅读学习大学英语六级词汇 Unitone ElementarySchoolsinearlyAmerica WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica--breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry'sexcellentel
2、ementaryschools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,"spatial"thinkingaboutthingstechnological. Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechan
3、ics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry. Acuteforeignobserversrelatedamericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcom
4、missionvisitingherein1853reported,"Withamindpreparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman." Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe"premium"system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisappr
5、oach,originatedabroad,offeredinventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives. IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorene
6、wtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance. Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,"Atechnologistthinksab
7、outobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.Thedesignerandtheinventorareabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist." Thisnonverbal"spatial"thinkingcanbejustasc
8、reativeaspaintingandwriting.robertfultononcewrote,"Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea."
