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ID:7291847
大小:311.60 KB
页数:23页
时间:2018-02-10
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1、Chapter17SocialNetworksandCausalInferenceTylerJ.VanderWeeleandWeihuaAnAbstractThischapterreviewstheoreticaldevelopmentsandempiricalstudiesrelatedtocausalinferenceonsocialnetworksfrombothexperimentalandobservationalstudies.Discussionisgiventotheeffectofexperimentalinterventionsonoutcomesand
2、behaviorsandhowtheseeffectsrelatetothepresenceofsocialties,thepositionofindividualswithinthenetwork,andtheunderlyingstructureandpropertiesofthenetwork.Theeffectsofsuchexperimentalinterventionsonchangingthenetworkstructureitselfandpotentialfeedbackbetweenbehaviorsandnetworkchangesarealsodis
3、cussed.Withobservationaldata,correlationsinbehaviororoutcomesbetweenindividualswithnetworktiesmaybeduetosocialinßuence,homophily,orenvironmentalconfounding.Withcross-sectionaldatathesethreesourcesofcorrelationcannotbedistinguished.Methodsemployinglongitudinalobservationaldatathatcanhelpdis
4、tinguishbetweensocialinßuence,homophily,andenvironmentalconfoundingaredescribed,alongwiththeirlimitations.ProposalsaremaderegardingfutureresearchdirectionsandmethodologicaldevelopmentsthatwouldhelpputcausalinferenceonsocialnetworksonaÞrmertheoreticalfooting.IntroductionAlthoughtheliteratur
5、eonsocialnetworkshasgrowndramaticallyinrecentyears(seeGoldenbergetal.2009;An2011a,forreviews),formaltheoryforinferringcausationonsocialnetworksisarguablystillinitsinfancy.Asdescribedelsewhereinthishandbook,muchoftherecenttheoreticaldevelopmentwithincausalinferencehasbeenwithinaÒcounterfact
6、ual-ÓorÒpotentialoutcomes-Óbasedperspective(Rubin1974;seealsoChap.5byMahoneyetal.,thisvolume),andthisapproachtypicallyemploysaÒnointerferenceÓassumption(Cox1958;Rubin1980;seealsoChap.16byHongandRaudenbush,thisvolume),thattheoutcomesofoneindividualarenotinßuencedbytheexposuresortreatmentsof
7、otherindividuals.SuchÒnointerferenceÓassumptionsareimplausibleinmanysociologicalsettingsandwillgenerallyfailwheneverthemechanismsrelatingatreatmentorexposuretoanoutcomecanbeinßuencedbysocialinteraction.Notinfrequently,socialnetworkdataiscollectedpreciselywhens
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