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1、2017年上海交通大学博士入学测试英语试题回忆阅读理解PassageOneRentcontrolisthesystemwherebythelocalgovernmenttellsbuildingownershowmuchtheycanchargetheirtenantsinrent.IntheUnitedStates,rentcontrolsdatebacktoatleastWorldWarII. In1943thefederalgovernmentimposedrentcontrolstohelpsolvetheproblemofhousingshortagesduringwa
2、rtime.Thefederalprogramendedafterthewar,butinsomelocations,includingNewYorkCity,controlscontinued.UnderNewYork'scontrols,alandlordgenerallycannotraiserentsonapartmentsaslongasthetenantscontinuetorenewtheirleases.InplacessuchasSantaMonica,California,rentcontrolsaremorerecent.Theywerespurredbyth
3、einflationofthe1970's,which,combinedwithCalifornia'srapidpopulationgrowth,pushedhousingprices,aswellasrents,torecordlevels.In1979SantaMonica'smunicipalgovernmentorderedlandlordstorollbacktheirrentstothelevelschargedin1978.Futurerentscouldonlygoupbytwo-thirdsasmuchasanyincreaseintheoverallprice
4、level. Inanyhousingmarket,rentalpricesperformthreefunctions:(1)promotingtheefficientmaintenanceofexistinghousingandstimulatingtheconstructionofnewhousing,(2)allocatingexistingscarcehousingamongcompetingclaimants,and(3)rationinguseofexistinghousingbypotentialrenters. Oneresultofrentcontrolisa
5、decreaseintheconstructionofnewrentalunits.Rentcontrolshaveartificiallydepressedthemostimportantlong-termdeterminantofprofitability—rents.Considersomeexamples.InarecentyearinDallas,Texas,witha16percentrentalvacancyratebutnorentcontrollaws,11,000newhousingunitswerebuilt.Inthesameyear,inSanFranci
6、sco,California,only2,000unitswerebuilt.Themajordifference?SanFranciscohasonlya1.6percentvacancyratebutstringentrentcontrollaws.InNewYorkCity,exceptforgovernment-subsidizedconstruction,theonlyrentalunitsbeingbuiltareluxuryunits,whichareexemptfromcontrols.InSantaMonica,California,newapartmentsar
7、enotbeingconstructed.Newofficerentalspaceandcommercialdevelopmentsare,however.Theyareexemptfromrentcontrols. 1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss? (A)TheconstructionofapartmentsintheUnitedStates. (B)Causesandeffectsofrentcontrol (C)The
