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1、第一讲文学翻译总论文学翻译应该尽可能优化,要优化成翻译文学。——许渊冲真正的文艺欣赏,绝非肤浅地寻绎出作品的主题思想(所谓主题只不过是作品之一维),而是要深深地为作品通体光辉和总体的意境氛围感动与陶冶,甚至更进而为对于作者匠心的参化与了悟——在一片恬然澄明之中,作者与读者的灵魂在宇宙生生不息律动中对话,在一片灵境中达至心灵间的默契。——胡经之他父子二人(张狗儿和张驴儿父子)进得门来,便见蔡婆正与一位女子说话,二人抬眼细看,不觉目瞪口呆。只见那女子面如满月,目若朗星,云挽凤髻,淡扫蛾眉。朱唇破一点樱桃,皓齿排两行碎玉,行动似柳枝随风
2、,眼波似秋水荡漾。眉间虽凝万种无言愁思,体态却有一段天然风韵。ThefirstsightofDouE’slissomeformstoppedthemdeadintheirtracks.Theirgazegreedilydrankinherradiant,moon-likeface,hereyeslikeshinningstars,hercloud-likehair,herwispyeyebrows,herrubylipsandherteethlikepure-whitejade.Moreover,eventhoughherbrow
3、wascloudedwithsorrowandindignation,itstillexudedanaturalcharm.从分析的视角来看,翻译赏评可划分为语言性赏评和文学性赏评。语言性赏评是指赏评者从双语转换的角度出发,以翻译标准做标尺,对译文进行翻译实践意义上的评析,以“等效”原则为评估的准绳。文学性赏评则从文学创作和文学欣赏的视角出发,以文学艺术的标准为标准,对译文进行文学再现意义上的美学审视,以创作原则为赏评的标尺。枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯。CytrilBirch译文:Dryvin
4、e,oldtree,crowsatdusk;Lowbridge,streamrunning,cottages.Ancientroad,westwind,leannag;ThesunwesteringAndonewithbreakingheartatthesky’sedge.枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯。翁显良译文:Crowshoveringoverruggedtreeswreathedwithrottenvine---thedayisaboutdone.Younderisatinybridge
5、overasparkingstream,andonthefarbank,aprettylittlevillage.Butthetravelerhastogoondownthisancientroad,thewestwindmoaning,hisbonyhorsegroaning,trudgingtowardsthesinkingsun,fartherandfartherawayfromhome.枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯。许渊冲译文:O'eroldtreeswreathedwithrotten
6、vineflyeveningcrows;'Neathtinybridgebesideacotaclearstreamflows;Onancientroadinwesternbreezealeanhorsegoes.Westwarddeclinesthesun;Far,farfromhomeistheheartbrokenone.原文:Afragrantflowerdoesnothavetoannounceitsexistencetotheworld.原文:Afragrantflowerdoesnothavetoannounc
7、eitsexistencetotheworld.译文:香花不必向世界宣告自己的存在。(廖七一译)Afragrantflowerdoesnothavetoannounceitsexistencetotheworld.香花不必向世界宣告自己的存在。(廖七一译)花香自芳。(党争胜译)原文:巧媳妇做不出没米的饭来,叫我怎么办呢?(《红楼梦》第二十四回)原文:巧媳妇做不出没米的饭来,叫我怎么办呢?译文:…andIdon’tseewhatIamsupposedtodowithoutanycapital,Eventhecleveresthous
8、ewifecan’tmakebreadwithoutflour.(tr.DavidHawkes)Eventhecleveresthousewifecan’tmakebreadwithoutflour.(DavidHawkes)Eventheclev