高温超导材料零电阻特性测试.docx

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1、实验数据与处理Pt电压（mV）Pt温度（K）Si电压（mV）样品电压（mV）温差电偶（mV）106.54281.360.53350.0551.884104.48276.490.5460.0541.785102.67272.210.55730.0531.723100.7267.550.57010.0521.63598.37262.040.58470.0511.58796.11256.690.59950.051.50394.58253.070.60940.051.46791.97246.900.62690.0491.41

2、390.17242.640.6390.0491.38988.31238.240.65170.0471.37486.21233.270.66620.0471.33483.93227.880.6820.0461.30282.44224.350.69260.0451.26480.13218.890.70890.0441.23774.28205.050.75260.0421.14772.26200.270.76550.0411.11670.6196.350.77720.0411.06367.88189.910.79630.0

3、41.02366.18185.890.80870.0390.99864.22181.250.82230.0390.97462.45177.070.83440.0380.93860.35172.100.84870.0370.90258.42167.530.86170.0370.86452.54153.630.90090.0350.76550.57148.970.91280.0340.72847.46141.610.93250.0320.67546.26138.770.93970.0320.64344.6134.840.

4、94970.0310.62542.78130.540.96060.0310.59640.75125.740.97270.0310.55838.85121.240.98430.030.52237.94119.090.99030.0290.49935.93114.331.00470.0290.46733.47108.521.02110.0290.43832.71106.721.02840.0280.42630.19100.761.0410.02725.589.661.06620.02123.3284.511.07530.

5、00922.7183.061.07820.00722.1181.641.08130.00421.8881.101.08220.00221.5880.391.083201.铂电阻阻值R-T关系图由T(K)=a+bR，以及上图得：a=29.34b=2.372.硅二极管PN结正向电压U-T关系图1.温差电偶的温差电动势U-T关系图2.样品电阻R-T关系图由图知，起始转变温度T1=100.76K，零电阻温度T2=80.39K转变温度∆T=T1-T2=20.37K临界温度TC=12RnT-1=89.66K理论临界温度TC=90

6、K百分差E=0.4%思考题1.如何判断低温恒温器的下挡板或紫铜恒温器底部碰到了液氮面？答：液面指示处的电压值从正变为零，微微上提恒温快则有变为正数。将低温恒温器逐渐下伸，当有机玻璃盖上的孔中明显有冷气喷出时，能听到碰到液氮面发出“滋滋”的声音，表明下挡板或圆筒底部碰到了液面。2．超导体有什么基本特性？零电阻性 　超导材料处于超导态时电阻为零,如果用磁场在超导环中引发感生电流，这一电流可以毫不衰减地维持下去。这种“持续电流”已多次在实验中观察到。 完全抗磁性　超导材料处于超导态时，只要外加磁场小于临界磁场，磁场不能透入

7、超导体内，超导材料内部的磁场恒为零。超导悬浮，就是利用超导体的完全抗磁性。约瑟夫森效应　当两超导体之间有一薄绝缘层（厚度约1nm）而形成低电阻连接时，会有电子对穿过绝缘层形成电流，而绝缘层两侧没有电压，即绝缘层也成了超导体。当电流超过一定值后，绝缘层两侧出现电压U（也可加一电压U），同时，直流电流变成高频交流电，而且频率与电压成正比。