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1、EnglishExaminationPaperPartIReadingComprehensionPassageOneAntarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestation—auniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld’senvironment.S1Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprev
2、ailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasadistantearlywarningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforet
3、heyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet—aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.Th
4、eTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe“east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick.“West”ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalso
5、coveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemyste
6、rious“dryvalley”ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictorialand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescend9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheg
7、lobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulders(大圆石)sculpturedintofantasticshapesby100mil
8、eanhourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievethattheymaycarrya