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1、1.1WhatisBiology?1.2TheOriginofLife1.3TheSignificanceofBiologyinYourLife1.4TheHistoryofBiology–AdditionalReadingChapter1BiologyBiologyisthestudyoflife.Alongsidephysicsandchemistry,biologyisoneofthelargestandmostimportantbranchesofscience.Atthehighestlevel,
2、biologyisbrokendownbasedonthetypeoforganismbeingstudied:zoology,thestudyofanimals;botany,ofplants;andmicrobiology,ofmicroorganisms.EachfieldhascontributedtomankindortheEarth’swell-beinginnumerousways.Mostprominently:botany,toagriculture;zoology,tolivestock
3、andprotectionofecologies;andmicrobiology,tothestudyofdiseaseandecosystemsingeneral.1.1WhatisBiology?ProfessionalWordsandPhrasesbiology[bai'ɔlədʒi]n.生物学organism['ɔ:gənizəm]n.生物体zoology[zəu'ɔlədʒi]n.动物学botany['bɔtəni]n.植物学microbiology[maikrəubai'ɔlədʒi]n.微生物
4、学microorganism[maikrəu'ɔ:gənizəm]n.微生物well-being['wel'bi:iŋ]n.健康，福利agriculture['ægrikʌltʃə]n.农业livestock['laivstɔk]n.家畜，牲畜ecology[i:‘kɔlədʒi]n.生态学disease[di'zi:z]n.疾病ecosystem['ekəusistəm]n.生态系统Besidesclassificationsbasedonthecategoryoforganismbeingstudied
5、,biologycontainsmanyotherspecializedsub-disciplines,whichmayfocusonjustonecategoryoforganismoraddressorganismsfromdifferentcategories.Thisincludesbiochemistry,theinterfacebetweenbiologyandchemistry;molecularbiology,whichlooksatlifeonthemolecularlevel;cellu
6、larbiology,whichstudiesdifferenttypesofcellsandhowtheywork;physiology,whichlooksatorganismsattheleveloftissuesandorgans;ecology,whichstudiestheinteractionsbetweenorganismsthemselves;ethology,whichstudiesthebehaviorofanimals,especiallycomplexanimals;andgene
7、tics,overlappingwithmolecularbiology,whichstudiesthecodeoflife,DNA.1.1WhatisBiology?(Continued)ProfessionalWordsandPhrases(Continued)classification[klæsifi'keiʃən]n.分类，类别biochemistry['baiəu'kemistri]n.生物化学molecularbiology分子生物学molecularlevel分子水平cellularbiol
8、ogy细胞生物学physiology[fizi'ɔlədʒi]n.生理学tissue['tisju:]n.（生物的）组织organ['ɔ:gən]n.（生物的）器官interaction[intə'rækʃən]n.相互关系，相互作用ethology[i:'θɔlədʒi]n.动物行为学genetics[dʒi'netiks]n.遗传学overlap['əuvə'læp]n.重叠，重复code[kəud]n.密码
