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1、英语词性的分类及用法词性的分类词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分十个大类。treedogwindow表示_______、________以及__________名字的词。一、名词人事物抽象概念1.Frankisaboy.2.Mysisterisapupil.3.Lookatthesebirds.Heisseven.Sheisbeautiful.Iliketheblueone.名词的概念名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词.专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China,theUnitedStates,等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如
2、:book,sadness等。普通名词包括可数名词(countablenoun)和不可数名词(uncountablenoun)可以计数的一般为可数名词,如:astudent,twostudents不可以计数的一般为不可数名词,如:milk,rice,air,snow,rain,education,honesty名词复数的规则变化其它名词复数的规则变化1)以o结尾的名词,变复数时:a.加s,如:photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos;b.加es,如:potato—potatoestomato—tomatoes2)以f或fe结尾的
3、名词变复数时:a.加s,如:belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs;b.去f,fe加-ves,如:half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves;名词复数的不规则变化1)通过内部元音变换:child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chine
4、se,Japanese3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数,不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。news是不可数名词。名词的格1.'s所有格单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词,加
5、's如:mother'sbags,children'srooms,women'sclothes以s结尾的复数名词,只加'girls'toys,Teachers'Day并列名词表各自所有关系时,在各个名词后加's,如Mary'sandBob'sbooks如果只在最后一个名词之后加's,则表示两人共有的书,MaryandBob'sbook名词的格2.of所有格名词属格和of所有格都可表示所有关系theeyesofcats=cats'eyestheroomofthechildren=thechildren'sroom但当名词属格表示类别和属性时,不可用of男士服装men'sclothing,ado
6、ctor'sdegree当名词词组是由“定冠词+形容词”构成,如therich,只能用of,theincomeoftherichof词组表示同位关系,不能用名词属格thecityofRome,thetownofBremenpracticeflowerflowers找规律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxesNOUN.practice找规律tomatoespotatoesheroesNOUN.不规则变化child--childrenwoman--womendeersheepman--mengoose--geeseNOUN.1.Several_____
7、aretalking underthetree.Andtheyare______.A.woman;childrenB.woman;childC.women;children2.—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere?—Notveryfar.It'sabouttwentywalk.(2000杭州)A.minute's B.minutes C.minutes'3.Therearethreeinmy