分子生物学-复习.doc

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1、Chapter1AminoAcidstoProteins从氨基酸到蛋白质20种氨基酸三字符Characterofpeptidebondthepeptidebondexistsasanintermediatebetweenasinglebondanddoublebond.Redistributionofelectrondensitygivesapartialdoublebondcharactertocarbon-nitrogenbond.itcannotrotateeasily,soitisrigid.flexiblebonds蛋白质的一级蛋白质的二级(Secondarystr

2、ucture)结构指肽链主链的折叠和盘绕方式。它只涉及肽链主链的构象及链内或链间形成的氢键。（1）α-helix(螺旋)（2）β-sheet(折迭)（3）β-turn(转角/U形转折/回折)（4）randomcoil(无规卷曲)蛋白质的三级结构Tertiarystructure/蛋白质的四级结构Quaternarystructurephysicalinteractionshappenintheprocessofproteinfolding.1)Covalentbonding2)Hydrogenbonding3)Ionicbonding4)VanderWaalsforces5)

3、Hydrophobicinteraction蛋白质空间结构的各种键能和大小Allostericregulation/别构调节Chapter2Nucleicacids核酸Explanationofterms:Tm(meltingtemperature);zipperingeffectofrenaturation;Cvalueparadoxofnucleotidemultigenefamily；genecluster；1.PropertiesofaGeneticMaterial2.Nucleotidesarecomposedofthreeparts3.GeneralStructu

4、reofNucleicAcids4.WhatisSignificanceofChemicalDifferencesbetweenDNAandRNA5.PropertiesofdoublehelixstructureofDNA.6.变性过程的特点7.FactorsthataffectTm8,Factorsthataffectrenaturation9.Three-dimensionalstructureofDNA10,HowcanDNAberesponsibleforthefunctionsnecessaryofageneticmaterial？11.原核与真核细胞DNA的特点

5、，差异。12,DNA是遗传物质的证据:Griffith’sTransformationExperimentandtheHershey-ChaseexperimentChapter3TranscriptioninProkaryotes:MechanismandRegulationExplanationofterms:Asymmetricaltranscription;promoter;terminator;Consensussequence;transcription;ternaryinitiationcomplex;Transcriptionbubble;Abortivein

6、itiation;Promoterclearence；temporalandspatialspecificityofgeneexpression；house-keepinggene；constitutiveexpression；luxurygene；adaptiveexpression；inducibleexpression；repressiveexpression；coordinateregulation；operon；PolycistronicmRNA；Negativeregulation；Positiveregulation；repressorprotein；Induc

7、er；Corepressor；apoinducer；gratuitousinducer安慰诱导物（IPTG）；CataboliteActivatorProtein；glucoseeffect=降解物的阻遏作用；Attenuation;Attenuationtranscription;attenuator;leadersequence;coupledtranscription-translation；Molecularchaperones1,WhydoorganismsuseanRNAastheinter