资源描述：
《元音和辅音的声学特征(丁红卫).ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在PPT专区-天天文库。
1、元音和辅音的声学特征Dr.HongweiDing丁红卫1元音和辅音的声学特征IntroductionIntroductiontophoneticsHumanspeechmechanismRepresentingthesoundsofspeechThelarynx,voicingandvoicequalityVowelsApproximantsPlosivesFricativesNasals1.Introductiontophonetics感觉神经说话人听话人言语链动觉神经发音肌肉反馈链环言语声波感觉神经耳耳脑语言学生理学声学生理语言学1.WhatisphoneticsP
2、honology:StudyofsoundsystemPhonetics:Studyofthesoundsofspeech,physical,directlyobservableSometimesnotproperlyaslinguistic,becauseofphysicalmanifestation.Languageisabstract.1.WhatisphoneticsSpeechcanbestudies:Articulatorphonetics(howspeechsoundsaremadeinthebody)Acousticphonetics(thephysic
3、alpropertiesofthesoundsthataremade)Perception:(whathappenstothespeechsignaloncethesoundwavereachesthelistener‘sear)2.HumanspeechmechanismComplexityofspeechsounds:Breathing:Pulmonic(肺的),Egressive(外呼的)Thelarynx(喉)andvoicing(调声):Vocalfolds,glottis(声门)Airflow:Central&lateral,Oral&nasalairflo
4、w(velum盖膜)Placeofarticulation:Bilabial,Labiodental,Dental,Alveolar,Postalveolar,Retroflex,coronal,Palatal,Velar,Uvular,Pharyngeal,Glottal,Mannerofarticulation:Stop,Fricative,Resonantarticulations2.HumanspeechmechanismCross-sectionofthevocaltract3.RepresentingthesoundsofspeechTwowaystorep
5、resentanephemeral(短暂的),time-bound(时间界限的)phenomenon,sothatitisavailableinpermanentform.PhonetictranscriptionAcousticrepresentation3.1AcousticPhoneticsAirflowthroughvocaltractChangesofairpressureEarspickupperturbationsEarsconvertphysicalmovementsintoelectricalsignalsElectricalsignalsaresen
6、ttobrain3.1AcousticPhoneticsChangesofairpressureAcousticphoneticsStatic&unchangingpicturesWaveformsSpectrograms波形图语图3.1.1WaveformandspectrogramSpectrogram:called“voiceprints”providemorecomplexinformationthanwaveforms3.1.2TypesofsoundsFig.:ThreetypesofsoundSoundTransientPeriodicAperiodicC
7、ontinuousPeriodicsoundsFig.:Word“spend”withperiodic,aperiodicandtransientsoundsVerticalstriation:OpeningofvocalfoldsDistinctformantstructure700Hz1800Hz2800HzPeriodicsoundsFig.:ExpendedversionFundamentalfrequency(f0):Numberofcyclespersecond,measuredinHertz(Hz)10.5cyclesin0
