严肃换届纪律及干部选拔任用政策法规.ppt

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1、Chapter9WaterResourcesTheHooverDamonColoradoRiverTheLakeMeadis36mlowerin2007comparedwiththatin1983MiddleEast:JordanriverAsecurityissueSouthAsiaIndiaandBangladeshoverGangsRiverIndiaandNepaloverMahakaliRiverMekongRiverBasin:China,Laos,Cambodia,VietNamUSWes

2、ternUS:California/NevadaoverColoradoRiverwater.NC/SC:overwaterusefromCatawba/YadkinRivers.SCAttorneyGeneralfiledalawsuitin2007NCinUSSupremeCourttostopaNCplantopump10milliongallonsadaybytwoNCcities.BothCatawbaandYadkinriversflowintoSC.WaterResourcesConfli

3、ctsTheHydrologicCycleSoil-Water-BudgetConceptGroundwaterResourcesOurWaterSupplyWaterResourcesHydrologicCycleModelFigure9.1Roundandroundasitgoes,theriversneverstopflowingandtheoceansneveroverflow.Theflowofwaterlinkedtheatmosphere,ocean,land,andlivingthing

4、sthroughexchangesofenergyandmatter.Earth'sWaterandtheHydrologicCycleSurfaceWaterFigure9.2EvaporationTranspirationRunoffInfiltrationPercolationWaterTableTranspiration/PhotosynthesisFigure9.2CO2H2OLosingwateristhepricetopayforgainingCO2UndersideStomataTran

5、spirationisabiophysicalprocess,plantscontroltranspirationratethroughregulatingtheapertureofastoma.Whenthereisplentyofwatersupplyduringsunnycondition,stomataopenwidetoabsorbCO2,inthemeantime,losingwater.Duringthenighttime,thereisnolightforPSN,plantsshutth

6、eirstomatatopreventwaterloss.Whenthereisashortageofwater,plantsshuttheirstomatatopreventphysiologicaldroughtWhyIsThereaWaterTable?TheBucketModelFigure9.3Principle:MassconservationBucketvolume=MaximumamountofwatersoilcanholdΔSPTEΔSPTERTheSoil-WaterBalance

7、EquationFigure9.3P:Precipitationwhichcaninvariousformssuchasrain,snow,hail,acompletelistinTable9.1.ET:evapotranspiration(evaporation+transpiration)R:RunoffwaterΔS:changeinsoilwaterWhataretheothertwobalanceequationswelearnedearlier?