自考00832英语词汇学考试重点精华整理.doc

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1、EnglishLexicology(英语词汇学)1.EnglishlexicologyaimsatinvestigatingandstudyingthemorphologicalstructuresofEnglishwordsandwordequivalents,theirsemanticstructures,relations,historicaldevelopment,formationandusages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。2.EnglishLexicologyiscorrelatedwithsuchlin

2、guisticdisciplinesasmorphology(形态学),semantics(语义学),etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论）andlexicography(词典学)Chapter1--Basicconceptsofwordsandvocabulary1.Word（词的定义）:Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.(1)aminimalfreeformofalanguage(2)asoundunity(3)aunitofmean

3、ing(4)aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。2.Soundandmeaning（声音与意义）:almostarbitrary,“nologicalrelationshipbetweenthesoundwhichstandsforathingoranideaandtheactualthingandideaitself”3.Soundandform（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）theEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans,whichdoesnotha

4、veaseparatelettertorepresenteachother（2）thepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears（3）someofthedifferencewerecreatedbytheearlyscribes（4）theborrowingsisanimportantchannelofenrichingtheEnglishvocabulary（5）printing、standardization、dictionary—OldEnglish,Thespeechofthetimewasrepresent

5、edverymuchmorefaithfullyinwritingthanitistoday.古代英语中的口语比今天更忠实的代表书面语—ThewrittenformofEnglishisanimperfectrepresentationofthespokenform。英语的书写是发音形式不完善的代表4.Whatisvocabulary？（1）Totalnumberofthewordsinalanguage一个语言的单词综合（2）Wordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod特殊历史时期使用的单词（3）Allthewordsofadialect，abook，ad

6、iscipline...某个方言，书籍，学科中的所有单词5.ClassificationofEnglishWords：Byusefrequency:basicwordstock&nonbasicvocabularyBynotion:contentwords&functionalwordsByorigin:nativewords&borrowedwords6.Thebasicwordstock（基本词汇）:isthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage.Thoug

7、hitconstituteasmallpercentageoftheEV,itisthemostimportantpartofvocabulary.基础词是几世纪积累的词汇的基础，构成语言的核心。尽管基础词占英语词汇比例小，它仍然是最重要的组成部分。7.TheFundamentalFeaturesoftheBasicWordStock(基本词汇的基本特征):1)All-Nationalcharacter（全民通用性mos