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1、2012届高考英语二轮专题复习精品阅读理解部分之限时训练（十五）阅读理解Whenanemergencysituationoccurs,observersaremorelikelytotakeactioniftherearefewornootherwitnesses．Thisphenomenonisreferredtoasthebystandereffect．ThebystandereffectisalsocalledtheGenoveseeffect,whichisnamedafterCatherine“Kitt
2、y"Genovese,ayoungwomanwhowascruellymurderedonMarch13,1964．Earlyinthemorning,28-year-oldGenovesewasreturninghomefromwork．Assheapproachedherapartmententrance,shewasattackedandstabbed（刺）byamanlateridentifiedasWinstonMoseley．DespiteGenovese'srepeatedcriesforhelp,
3、noneofthedozenorsopeopleinthenearbyapartmentbuildingwhoheardhercriescalledpoliceforhelp．Theattackfirstbeganat3:20,butitwasnotuntil3:50thatsomeonefirstcontactedpolice．Manypsychologistsweresetthinkingbytheincident,aswellasmostAmericans．Astheconclusion,thebystan
4、dereffectcameoutandlaterprovedbyaseriesofstudiesandexperiments．Therearetwomajorfactorsthatcontributetothebystandereffect．First,thepresenceofotherpeoplecreatesadivisionofresponsibility．Becausethereareotherobservers,individualsdonotfeelasmuchpressuretotakeactio
5、n,sincetheresponsibilitytotakeactionisthoughttobesharedamongallofthosepresent．Thesecondreasonistheneedtobehaveincorrectandsociallyacceptableways．Whenotherobserversfailtoreact,individualsoftentakethisasasignalthataresponseisnotneededornotappropriate．Otherresea
6、rchershavefoundthatonlookersarelesslikelytotakeactionifthesituationisambiguous．InthecaseofKittyGenovese,manyofthe38witnessesreportedthattheybelievedthattheywerewitnessinga"lovers'quarrel",anddidnotrealizethattheyoungwomanwasactuallybeingmurdered．61．Thebystand
7、ereffectisalsocalledtheGenoveseeffectbecauseawomansurnamedGenovese．A．itsomehowcausedthemurderofB．itsdiscoveryresultedfromthemurderofC．itwasactuallydiscoveredbyD．italwaysmakespeoplethinkof62．Genovesewasmurdered．A．whileshewasgoingoutB．inherapartmentC．halfwayhom
8、eD．nearherapartment63．WhichcanNOThavebeenapossiblereasonfortheneighborsNOTofferingGenovesehelp?A．Theybelievedinthebystandereffect．B．Theythoughtsomeoneelsemighthelpher．C．Theydidn'tthinkthe
