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《专四语法--名词的数和格.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、专四语法名词的数和格湖南科技学院外语系名词分类按构词法简单名词(SimpleNoun)复合名词(CompoundNoun)派生名词(DerivativeNoun)按词汇意义普通名词(CommonNoun):个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词专有名词(ProperNoun)按语法特征可数名词(Count/CountableNoun)不可数名词(Non-count/UncountableNoun)名词词组的句法功能名词词组的结构模式(限定词)+(前置修饰语)+名词+(后置修饰语)amostlovelylittleboy
2、whosemotherisadoctorsomecrisp,tasty,redapplesIjustboughtforChristmas名词词组的用法(除谓语外的各种成分)Childrenatplayseldomrememberwhattimeitis.Mygrandfatherdiedamartyrtohisrevolutionaryideal.Theyselectedhimchairmanoftheboard.MrBrown,directorofthecoalmine,shouldberesponsibleforthe
3、accident.Withinthehousenothingstirs.InthegardenIcanhearthesingingofbirds.Icanheartherustleoftheirwings.Hereturnedlastnight.Aphotoistakeneachtime(=whenever)thisbuttonispushed.名词的数(SingularNumber,PluralNumber)规则复数与不规则复数规则复数:在单数名词后加-s/-es不规则复数:通过内部元音变换或其他方式(少数名词和外来词
4、)集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词的数规则复数大部分名词:加词尾-s以-s,-x,-sh,-ch,-z结尾的名词:加词尾-es以-y结尾的名词:加词尾-s/-es以o结尾的名词:加词尾-s/-es以-f/-fe结尾的名词:加词尾-s/-es大部分名词:加词尾-s在/p/,/t/,/k/,/f/等轻辅音后读/s/:maps,books,boats,roofs在/b/,/d/,/g/,/v/,/l/,/m/等浊辅音和元音后读/z/:verbs,birds,dogs,boys,seas,hills在/s/,/z/,/ʃ/,
5、/dʒ/,/tʃ/等辅音后读/iz/:roses,places,houses,bridges,colleges,faces以-th结尾的名词加词尾-s:长元音之后读/ðz/:baths,mouths,paths,laths短元音或辅音之后(包括-rth)读/θs/:months,moths,berths少数/ðz/或/θs/皆可:youths,oaths,sheaths,truths以-s,-x,-sh,-ch,-z结尾的名词:加词尾-es,读作/iz/:gasesclassesboxesbuzzeschurchesben
6、ches以-y结尾的名词:以辅音+y结尾的:变-y为-i,再加-es,读/iz/:parties,ladies,universities,spies,skies,factories以-quy结尾的名词:变-y为-i,再加-es,读/z/:soliloquy--soliloquies以-y结尾的专有名词:加词尾-s,读/z/:Marys,Germanys以元音+y结尾的名词:加词尾-s,读/z/:rays,boys,days,joys,plays,toys以o结尾的名词:以元音/元音字母+o(包括oo)结尾的名词:加词尾-s
7、,读/z/:radios,portfolios,studios,embryos,bamboos,kangaroos,zoos,cuckoos某些以辅音+o结尾的名词:加词尾-es,读/z/:negroes,heroes,tomatoes,potatoes,echoes,torpedoes,vetoes,embargoes某些以辅音+o结尾的名词:加词尾-s,读/z/:pianos,kilos,memos,autos,quartos(四开本),solos(独奏),cellos(大提琴),sopranos(女高音),altos
8、(女低音)少数以o结尾的名词:加词尾-s或-es均可,读/z/:某些以-o结尾的专有名词:加词尾-s,读/z/:Filipinos,Romeos以-f/-fe结尾的名词:多数加词尾-s,读/s/:serfs,gulfs,beliefs,chiefs,cliffs,griefs,roofs,safes小故