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1、AnOverviewonSkinWhiteningEvelynG.Su,Ph.D.SinoLion(USA),Ltd.,Jackson,NewJersey,USAAbstractThispaperpresentsanoverviewofcurrentskinwhiteningagentsusedworldwide,andtheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Therecentresearchanddevelopmenteffortsinthisareawillalsobediscussedinlightofproposingfuturedirectionf
2、ormoreeffectiveskinwhiteningagents,andthusmoreeffectiveproductsforconsumers.KeyWords:SkinWhitening;SkinLightening;DepigmentingAgents;Melanogenesis;TyrosinaseInhibitor;1.INTRODUCTIONInrecentyears,skinwhitening(AlsocalledìSkinLighteningî,usedhereinterchangeably)productshavebecomeandcontinuetobet
3、hebestsellingskincareproductsinAsia.Asiaisthelargestmarketforskinwhiteningproducts,withotherpartsoftheworldalsogrowingatarapidrate.Withtheworldpopulationaging,itisexpectedthatmoreandmorepeoplewilldevelopage-relatedpigmentationdisordersregardlessofrace.ThiswillbethemaindrivingforceoutsideofAsia
4、forworldwideconsumerdemandforskinwhiteningproducts,mainlytotreatpigmentationdisorderssuchasagespots.Overall,skinwhiteningmarketisexpectedtogrowworldwideatamuchhigherratethanthemarketaverage.Thepurposeofthispaperistoprovideanoverviewofcurrentskinwhiteningagentsusedworldwide,andtheiradvantagesan
5、ddisadvantages.Therecentresearchanddevelopmenteffortsinthisareawillalsobediscussedinlightofproposingfuturedirectionformoreeffectiveskinwhiteningagents,andthusmoreeffectiveproductsforconsumers.2.DEVELOPMENTOFSKINLIGHTENERSBeforethedevelopmentofskinlightenersisdiscussed,itishelpfultoreviewsomeba
6、ckgroundinformationabouttheskincolorandmelaninformation.Skincolorismainlydeterminedbytheamountofmelaninpresentintheskin.Melaninprotectsthebodyfromthedamagingeffectsofultravioletradiation,anditissynthesizedinmelanocytesthatarenormallyfoundintheepidermalbasallayer.Withinmelanocytesmelaninisbound
7、toaproteinmatrixtoformmelanosomes,wheretyrosinaseconvertstyrosinetoeu-melanin(blackpigment)orpheo-melanin(yellowishandreddishpigment).Themelanosomesareextrudedfromthemelanocytesandcarriedtothesurfaceoftheskinbykeratinocytes,whichinterna
