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1、Grammarsentences课件制作者————————May句子成份★句子一般由两个部分组成:主语部分(subjectgroup)谓语部分(predicategroup)★句子成份:主·谓·宾·表补定·状·Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement主·宾·表补定·状·1)主语(subject)Ilikefootball.Theboyneedsapen.句子的主
2、体,全句述说的对象。一般由担任,常置于句首。2)谓语(predicate)说明主语的动作或状态。由担任。常置于主语后。Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Iwantaticket.,动词不定式,动名词或从句名词,主格代词动词1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimint
3、heriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(主语从句)(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.(2)由助动词加
4、动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如:DoyouspeakEnglish?Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.(3)由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。3)宾语(object)4)表语(predicative)Hewonthegame.表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.Heisastudent.用以表述主
5、语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如:(五)宾语宾语(Object)表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(名词)(代词、动名词)(名词、数词)4.Theyhelpedt
6、heoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(名词化形容词,名词)(不定式短语)(动名词短语)(宾语从句)宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bri
7、ng,throw等,例如:HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等,例如:Sheboughtagiftforhermother.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.下列动词只能接动名词做宾语admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,pra
8、ctise,suggest等,如:Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语,但意义不同,如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。forgettodo表示“