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1、一般功能性词汇1.因果关系Ø导致,产生giveriseto,leadto,resultin,beresponsiblefor,prompt解析:giveriseto,leadto,resultin表示一般性的“导致、产生、造成”;beresponsiblefor不仅表示“为…负责”,也可以表示“产生”(beingasourceorcause),但多指“产生某种负面后果和不利局面”;prompt表示“激发”(Tomovetoact;spur;incite),有“快速产生”之意。Fast-pacedmodernlifeisresp
2、onsiblefortheconsumptionofjunkfood.Thebishop'sspeechhaspromptedanangryresponsefrombothpoliticalparties.SharonStone’sremarksaboutChina’sSichuanearthquakepromptedangryresponsesfromtheChinesepublic.Ø产生于resultfrom,originatein(from)解析:resultfrom表示“产生于”;originatein(from)表
3、示“发源自”例句:YoutiaooriginatedinChina.Ø归因于attribute...to,blame..on,betheculpritof解析:attributeAtoB表示“将A归因于B”;blameAonB,表示“将A(负面的)归咎于B”;culprit本意表示“罪犯”(onechargedwithacrimeoranoffense),比喻义表示“造成某种负面后果的原因”(thereasonforaparticularproblemordifficulty)例句:Childrentodayaregettin
4、gincreasinglyoverweight.Expertsbelievethatexcessiveconsumptionisthemainculprit.Ø使某人做某事promptsbtodosth,motivatesbtodosth解析:prompt指“令某人做出某种具体行动的原因,强调快速激发”;motivate一般功能性词汇2指“成为某人的做某事的动机”Manygreatbusinessmenaremotivatednotbutthedesireformoney.Ø原因cause,reason解析:cause指“造成
5、某事客观原因”,reason指“用来解释的理由”。Reason并不一定就是cause.跟cause有关的几种常用搭配:真实原因realcause,根本原因rootcause,underlyingcause主要原因majorcause,primarycause可能的原因likelycause,possiblecausecontributorycause例句:Thereasonhegaveforhispooracademicperformancesisthathehadrecentlywentthroughaemotionalme
6、ltdown.ButIknowthatisnottherealcause.Unhealthyeatinghabitshavemanyothercontributorycauses.2.事物数量Ø几个several,anumberof,acoupleof解析:several略显非正式;Anumberof是正式表达。AcoupleofdaysAcrossthestreetfrommethereareacoupleofpoliceofficersstandingguardØ很多个可数alarge(vast)numberof,nume
7、rous,ahostof,alegionof,aflockof,flocktodosth解析:Ahostof表示“大量的”指”事物“。Legion本意指“军团”、flock本意表“羊群”,legion和flock都表示“大量的某一类人”。例句:Makingpublictransportationfreemightcreateahostofproblems.一般功能性词汇3Flocksofconsumersarebuyingproductsthattheyhavenorealusefor.Ø很多,大量不可数alargedeal(
8、amount,supply,quantity)of辨析:quantity指“可以装在容器中的某物”;supply指“提供的某物”例句:alargequantityofdrugs,alargequantityoffoodanddrink,alargesupplyofoxygen