软件测试策略讲义.ppt

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1、1Chapter17软件测试策略计控学院吴迪著明软件错误案例研究著明软件错误案例研究讨论软件测试的重要性？7SoftwareTestingTestingistheprocessofexercisingaprogramwiththespecificintentoffindingerrorspriortodeliverytotheenduser.1、测试就是实行具有特定意图计划的一个过程；2、测试的意图就是在把软件产品交付给最终用户前找出错误。测试是有计划有步骤的活动，因此，为测试软件建立系统化的测试策略是合情合理的。817.1StrategicApproachToperfo

2、rmeffectivetesting,youshouldconducteffectivetechnicalreviews.Bydoingthis,manyerrorswillbeeliminatedbeforetestingcommences.Testingbeginsatthecomponentlevelandworks"outward"towardtheintegrationoftheentirecomputer-basedsystem.Differenttestingtechniquesareappropriatefordifferentsoftwareengine

3、eringapproachesandatdifferentpointsintime.Testingisconductedbythedeveloperofthesoftwareand(forlargeprojects)anindependenttestgroup.Testinganddebuggingaredifferentactivities,butdebuggingmustbeaccommodatedinanytestingstrategy.1017.1.1V&VVerificationreferstothesetoftasksthatensurethatsoftwar

4、ecorrectlyimplementsaspecificfunction.Validationreferstoadifferentsetoftasksthatensurethatthesoftwarethathasbeenbuiltistraceabletocustomerrequirements.Boehmstatesthisanotherway:Verification:"Arewebuildingtheproductright?"Validation:"Arewebuildingtherightproduct?"测试是软件质量安全网吗？1217.1.2WhoTes

5、tstheSoftware?developerindependenttesterUnderstandsthesystembut,willtest"gently"and,isdrivenby"delivery"Mustlearnaboutthesystem,but,willattempttobreakitand,isdrivenbyquality开发者精心地设计和执行测试，试图证明其程序的正确性，而不是注意发现错误。在整个软件项目中，开发人员和（独立）测试组（ITG）密切配合以确保测试严格地进行。在测试进行的过程中，必须随时可以找到开发人员，以便及时修改发现的错误。讨论和作

6、业用自己的话描述验证和确认的区别；理出一些与独立测试组的创建相关的问题。ITG和SQA小组是由相同的人员组成的吗？1417.1.3TestingStrategySystemengineeringAnalysismodelingDesignmodelingCodegenerationUnittestIntegrationtestValidationtestSystemtest1517.2StrategicIssuesSpecifyproductrequirementsinaquantifiablemannerlongbeforetestingcommences.Statet

7、estingobjectivesexplicitly.Understandtheusersofthesoftwareanddevelopaprofileforeachusercategory.Developatestingplanthatemphasizes“rapidcycletesting.”什么样的指导原则导致成功的软件测试？Build“robust”softwarethatisdesignedtotestitselfUseeffectivetechnicalreviewsasafilterpriortotestingC