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页数:15页
时间:2020-03-22
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1、Passage1KyotoProtocol:TheUnfinishedAgenda1.Mostmainstreamscientistsagreethattheburningoffossilfuels(coal,naturalgas,andpetroleumthatisknownasoilorcrudeoil)andotherindustrialactivitieshaveledtoabuildupofheat-trappinggreenhousegasesintheatmosphere・Theyalsoagreethattheearth'ssurfacehaswan
2、nedduringthelastccntiiryandthatfurtherwarmingofseveraldegreesCelsiusislikelyinthenextcentury・Thisbroadscientificconsensushasplayedanimportantroleinconvincingmanynationalgovernmentsthatimmediateactionisnecessarytolimitglobalgreenhousegasemissions.2.Developingcountries,however,haveportra
3、yedthemselvesasvictimizedbythewealthierindustrializednations・Ononehand,thesecountriesbelievetheyhavethemosttolosefromcontinuedglobalwarming・Becausemuchofthedevelopingworldoccupieswarmerregions,wheremanyspeciesofcropsanddomesticatedanimalsliveattheupperlimitoftheirnaturaltemperaturetole
4、rance,highertemperaturescouldleadtowidespreadlivestockdeclinesandcropfailures.Moreover,unliketheindustrializedworld,mostdevelopingnationslackthecapitalandinfrastructuretodevelopnewvarietiesofheat-tolerantcropsandanimals,buildfloodcontrolsystems,anddeploydisasterreliefwhenneeded・3.Onthe
5、otherhand,globalemissionreductiontargetsalsohurtdevelopingcountriesbecausesuchreductioninterfereswiththeirplansforeconomicdevelopmentthroughinexpensive,carbon-basedenergysources・Indeed,manyrepresentativesofdevelopingcountriesseeglobalwarmingadvocatesaspartofaconspiracytomaintaintheecon
6、omicadvantageofindustrializednationsattheexpenseofpoorernations・Thus,developingcountrieshavearguedthattheybeexemptfromemissionreductionuntiltheireconomiesapproachedthestrengthofthoseindevelopednation.4.Carbon-cyclecalculations,however,suggestthatallowingdevelopingcountriestodelaybydeca
7、destheirparticipationinemissionreductionagreementswouldcommittheworldtoverylargeincreasesinlevelsofatmosphericcarbondioxide.Thecarboncyclereferstothenaturalprocessthroughwhichcarbondioxideinjectedintotheatmosphereisslowlyremovedbyphotosynthesisinplantsandabsorptionintheoceans・Thesepr
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