武大博士期末文章分析练习.doc

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1、Passage1KyotoProtocol:TheUnfinishedAgenda1.Mostmainstreamscientistsagreethattheburningoffossilfuels(coal,naturalgas,andpetroleumthatisknownasoilorcrudeoil)andotherindustrialactivitieshaveledtoabuildupofheat-trappinggreenhousegasesintheatmosphere・Theyalsoagreethattheearth'ssurfacehaswan

2、nedduringthelastccntiiryandthatfurtherwarmingofseveraldegreesCelsiusislikelyinthenextcentury・Thisbroadscientificconsensushasplayedanimportantroleinconvincingmanynationalgovernmentsthatimmediateactionisnecessarytolimitglobalgreenhousegasemissions.2.Developingcountries,however,haveportra

3、yedthemselvesasvictimizedbythewealthierindustrializednations・Ononehand,thesecountriesbelievetheyhavethemosttolosefromcontinuedglobalwarming・Becausemuchofthedevelopingworldoccupieswarmerregions,wheremanyspeciesofcropsanddomesticatedanimalsliveattheupperlimitoftheirnaturaltemperaturetole

4、rance,highertemperaturescouldleadtowidespreadlivestockdeclinesandcropfailures.Moreover,unliketheindustrializedworld,mostdevelopingnationslackthecapitalandinfrastructuretodevelopnewvarietiesofheat-tolerantcropsandanimals,buildfloodcontrolsystems,anddeploydisasterreliefwhenneeded・3.Onthe

5、otherhand,globalemissionreductiontargetsalsohurtdevelopingcountriesbecausesuchreductioninterfereswiththeirplansforeconomicdevelopmentthroughinexpensive,carbon-basedenergysources・Indeed,manyrepresentativesofdevelopingcountriesseeglobalwarmingadvocatesaspartofaconspiracytomaintaintheecon

6、omicadvantageofindustrializednationsattheexpenseofpoorernations・Thus,developingcountrieshavearguedthattheybeexemptfromemissionreductionuntiltheireconomiesapproachedthestrengthofthoseindevelopednation.4.Carbon-cyclecalculations,however,suggestthatallowingdevelopingcountriestodelaybydeca

7、destheirparticipationinemissionreductionagreementswouldcommittheworldtoverylargeincreasesinlevelsofatmosphericcarbondioxide.Thecarboncyclereferstothenaturalprocessthroughwhichcarbondioxideinjectedintotheatmosphereisslowlyremovedbyphotosynthesisinplantsandabsorptionintheoceans・Thesepr