同济大学地下建筑复试专业英语1.pdf

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1、SpecialEngineeringEnglishProf.,Dr.zixinzhang•岩土工程•Part1Generalwords•岩土工程•Geotechnicalengineering•基础工程•Foundationengineering•土•soil,earth•土力学•soilmechanics•周期荷载•cyclicloading•卸载•再加载•reloading•粘弹性地基•viscoelasticfoundation•粘滞阻尼•viscousdamping•剪切模量•shearmodulus•土动力学•soildynamics•应力路径•stresspath•Pa

2、rt2Typesofsoil•残积土•residualsoil•地下水•groundwater•地下水位•groundwaterlevel/groundwatertable•粘土矿物•clayminerals•次生矿物•secondaryminerals•滑坡•landslide•钻孔柱状图•boreholecolumnarsection•工程地质勘察•engineeringgeologicinvestigation•漂石•boulder•卵石•cobble•砂石•gravel•砾砂•gravellysand•粗砂•coarsesand•中砂•mediumsand•细砂•fines

3、and•粉土•siltysand•粘性土•clayeysoil•粘土•clay•粉质粘土•siltyclay•砂质粉土•sandysilt•粘质粉土•clayeysilt•饱和土•saturatedsoil•非饱和土•unsaturatedsoil•填土•filledsoil•Part3Permeabilityandseepage•达西定律•Darcy’slaw•管涌•piping•流土•flowingsoil•砂沸•sandboiling•流网•flownet•渗流•seepage•渗漏•leakage•渗透压力•seepage(force)pressure•渗透性•permea

4、bility•水力梯度•hydraulicgradient•渗透系数•coefficientofpermeability•Part4Deformationandstressoffoundation•软土•softsoil•打入桩（负）摩阻力•(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile•有效应力•effectivestress•总应力•totalstress•十字板抗剪强度•fieldvaneshearstrength•低活性•lowactivity•灵敏度•sensitivity•三轴试验•triaxialtest•基础设计•foundationdesig

5、n•再压缩•recompaction•承载力•bearingcapacity•土体•soilmass•接触压力•contactpressure•集中荷载•concentratedload•半无限弹性体•asemi-infiniteelasticsolid•均质•homogeneous•各向同性•isotropic•条基•stripfooting•方形独立基础•squarespreadfooting•下卧层（土）•underlyingsoil(stratum,strata)•恒载/静载•deadload•持续荷载•sustainedload•活载•liveload•短期瞬时荷载•sh

6、ort–termtransientload•长期荷载•long-termtransientload•折算荷载•reducedload•沉降•settlement•变形•deformation•套管•casing•堤（防）•dike=dyke•粘粒粒组•clayfraction•物理性质•physicalproperties•路基•subgrade•级配良好土•well-gradedsoil•级配不良土•poorly-gradedsoil•筛子•sieve•摩尔-库仑破坏条件•Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition•有限元法•FEM=finiteelementmet

7、hod•极限平衡法•limitequilibriummethod•孔隙水压力•porewaterpressure•先期固结压力•preconsolidationpressure•压缩模量•modulusofcompressibility•压缩系数•coefficentofcompressibility•压缩指数•compressionindex•回弹指数•swellingindex•自重应力•geostaticstress•附加应力•additionalstress•