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1、LectureOne助动词与情态动词AuxiliaryVerbsandModalVerbs动词的分类根据在句中的功能,动词可以分为:1.实义动词(NotionalVerbs)2.系动词(LinkVerbs)3.助动词(AuxiliaryVerbs)4.情态动词(ModalVerbs)根据其后是否带宾语,实义动词又可分为:1.及物动词(TransitiveVerbs,Vt.)2.不及物动词(IntransitiveVerbs,Vi.)助动词(AuxiliaryVerbs)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(AuxiliaryVe
2、rbs),被协助的动词称作主要动词(MainVerbs)。Idon'tlikecoffee.助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。最基本的助动词有三个:be,do,have.be,am,is,are,was,were,been,beinghave,has,had,havingdo,does,did助动词be,have,do的用法助动词be主要用来构成各种进行时态和被动语态,及相应的疑问句和否定句。WhatwereyoudoingwhenIcalled?Smokingisnotallowedinthisbuilding.助动词have主要
3、用来构成各种完成时和完成进行时态,及相应的疑问句和否定句。Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?助动词do主要用来构成疑问句和否定句,以及在动词之前表示强调。Hedoesn'tcarewhatotherpeoplethink.Hedidknowthat.注意:be动词除了用作助动词外,还可用作系动词,构成系表结构。Heisadentist.have和do除用作助动词外,还可用作及物动词。Ihaveabrother.Whatareyoudoing?助动词will,would,shall,should除be,have,
4、do外,英语中的助动词还有四个:will,would,shall,should与be,have,do不同的是,这四个词往往有情态动词的作用,可以说是介于助动词和情态动词之间的词,甚至更接近于情态动词。本讲中将其归入情态动词部分进行讲解。情态动词(ModalVerbs)cancouldmaymightmustoughttoshallshouldwillwould半情态动词needdarebeabletohavetohadbetter所有这些情态动词、半情态动词之后都接不带to的不定式,即动词原形。除beableto和haveto中的b
5、e和have有人称、数和时态的变化外,其它情态动词都适用于各种人称,并且没有时态变化。can,could,beabletocan可用于表能力,可能性及许可。Heisonlyfour,buthecanread.Canthisnewsbetrue?CanIsmokehere?could可以作为can的过去式,表过去的能力,或用在间接引语中表过去的可能或许可;还可表示委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix.FathersaidIcouldswimintheriver.CouldIuseyourbi
6、ke?can表能力时=beableto,但can强调一贯的能力,beableto更强调通过努力可以达到的能力,相当于managetodosth.或succeedindoingsth.Ican’tswim.ButIamsureIwillbeabletoswimthroughmorepractice.Thefirespreadthroughthehotel,buteveryonewasabletogetout.Whentheboatsank,hewasabletoswimtothebank.may,mightmay表请求、可以、允许。Y
7、oumaydrivethetractor.MayIcomein?Yes,please./Certainly.No,youcan’t.No,youmustn’t.No,you’dbetternot.may/might表推测,可能,might可能性更小.maybe与maybemaybe是副词,意为“也许,大概”。它通常放在句子的开头,在句子中作状语。Maybetheywon'tcomeheretonight.Maybesheishappy.maybe是情态动词may加动词原形be构成的,在句中做谓语,意为“可能是、大概是”,后接形容词、
8、介词短语或名词作表语。Shemaybeathome.=Maybesheisathome.Youmayberight.=Maybeyouareright.副词maybe可单独用作答语,但maybe不能这样用。如:A:Doyouthink