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1、语法专练----非谓语动词出题人:张莉审核人:日期:2011-10-15课前预习案:(2011.山东)Lookoverthere-there’saverylong,windingpath_______uptothehouse.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点,切不可记住几个条条框框就去乱套。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识:(1)具有句子结构的知识,要分清简单句与复合句,陈述句与祈使句;(2)具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识,要分清双
2、宾语与复合宾语;(3)具有扎实而丰富的动词知识,要分清及物动词和不及物动词,双宾动词和复宾动词。一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应烂熟于心;(4)具备各种复合句的知识,能够拆析30词左右长度的复合长难句。非谓语动词的句法功能(请在相应格子中划√) 主语宾语表语定语宾(主)补状语todo doing done 分析下列句子中非谓语动词的句法功能:1.AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelytobereceivedintimeforChristmas.2.Maki
3、ngtherightdecisionsconcerningthefutureisprobablythemostimportantthingwe’lleverdoinourlives.3.MrsMurphyhadanaccidentdrivingtoworkandwasbadlyinjured.4.IntheUnitedStates,40%ofthetoyssoldaredesignedforadults.5.Pleaseremainseateduntiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.6
4、.It’sdifficulttoimaginehisacceptingthedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.7.Theywentbackhome,leavingtheworkunfinished.8.Shewasheardcryingintheroom.9.Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass.10.Amanwithoutasmilingfacemustnotopenashop.课内探究案:非谓语动词不能单独作谓语,但同时仍保留动
5、词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要有todo(不定式),doing(动名词和现在分词),done(过去分词)三种形式。一、非谓语动词的时态和语态1.不定式的时态和语态主动式被动式一般时完成时进行时完成进行todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone2.doing的时态和语态主动式被动式一般时完成时doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone二、非谓语动词作主语不定式作主语,常用it作形式主语代替,而把不定式放
6、到句末,使句子平衡。-ing(动名词)作主语,常表一般性的事实、概念、习惯或者经验,有时也用it作形式主语而把-ing形式置于句末。如:Itisnouse/goodcryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。Itisfunplayingwithchildren.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事情开不得玩笑。Eg:1.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.______theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp
7、.A>TohavehadB>HavinghadC>HaveD>Having若主语与表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。如:Seeingisbelieving.(=Toseeistobelieve.)眼见为实。三、非谓语动词作宾语1.下列动词只能跟不定式作宾语:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan
8、;agree,ask/beg,help.此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。Eg:2.Weagreed__________herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A>havingmetB>meetingC>tomeetD>tohavemeet2.下列动词只能跟