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1、3StructuralEngineering（结构工程学）3.1IntroductionStructuralengineeringisconcernedwiththeapplicationofstructuraltheory,theoreticalandappliedmechanics,andoptimizationtothedesign,analysis,andevaluationofbuildingstructures,bridges,cablestructures,andplateandshellstructures.Th
2、escienceofstructuralengineeringincludestheunderstandingofthephysicalpropertiesofengineeringmaterial,thedevelopmentofmethodsofanalysis,thestudyoftherelativemeritsofvarioustypesofstructuresandmethodoffabricationandconstruction,andtheevaluationoftheirsafety,reliability,
3、economy,andperformance.Thestudyofstructuralengineeringincludessuchtypicaltopicsasstrengthofmaterials,structuralanalysisinbothclassicalandcomputationalmethods,structuraldesigninbothsteelandconcreteaswellaswoodandmasonry,solidmechanics,andprobabilisticmethods.Thetypeso
4、fstructuresinvolvedinatypicalstructuralengineeringworkincludebridges,buildings,offshorestructures,containmentvessels,reactorvessels,anddams.Researchinstructuralengineeringcanincludesuchtopicsashigh-performancecomputing,computergraphics,computer-aidedanalysisanddesign
5、,stressanalysis,structuraldynamicsandearthquakeengineering,structuralfatigue,structuralmechanics,structuralmodelsandexperimentalmethods,structuralsafetyandreliability,andstructuralstability.Thescopeofthissectionisindicatedbytheoutlineofthecontents.Itsetsoutinitiallyt
6、oexaminethebasicpropertiesandstrengthofmaterialsandgoesontoshowhowthesepropertiesaffecttheanalysisanddesignprocessofthesestructuresmadeofeithersteelorconcrete.Thetopicofcompositesteel–concretestructureswasselectedbecauseithasbecomepopularfortallbuilding,offshore,andl
7、arge-spanconstruction.Thefinalchapterdealswithsomeofthemathematicaltechniquesbywhichthesafetyandreliabilityissuesofthesestructuressodesignedmaybeevaluatedandtheirperformanceassessed.Recentdemandsforimprovementsandupgradesofinfrastructure,whichincludes,amongotherpubli
8、cfacilities,thehighwaysystemandbridges,haveincreasedthenumberofstructuralengineersemployedbyhighwaydepartmentsandconsultingfirms.Gr
