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1、一.句子成分二.英语基本句型英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)和补语(complement)。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。句子包括哪些成分?1.主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当.它的位置一般在句首.Thegirlispretty.Readingisus
2、eful.Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends.谓语:谓语说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成.Theyareteachers.Shelookswell.Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates.HecanspeakEnglish.表语:表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面.Iamateacher.Sheishappy.Everybodyishere.Theyarea
3、thomenow.MyjobistoteachEnglish.Seeingisbelieving.其它系动词状态:seem,appear,prove---感官:smell,feel,taste,sound,look---变化:become,get,turn,go,come,grow---持续:remain,stay,keep,continue---宾语宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后.Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme.Ilike
4、watchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon.Ithinkthatheisgoodguy.宾语补足语在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思.它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用.它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词充当.Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen.WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome.Isawhi
5、menterthehall.Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.Iheardmynamecalled.状语状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度.一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当.Hediditcarefully.Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.
6、Heiswritingwithapen.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词,代词,数词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词,从句都可以充当定语.Theblackbikeismine.What’syourname?Abrokenvase.Ihave5books.Asleepingboy.Theymadepaperflowers.TheboyintheroomisJack.Ihavesomethingtodo.Itisaswimmingpool.一)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②Peop
7、leallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.(二)挑出下列句中的表语--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesub
8、ject.(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownst