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1、TheRepublicofIrelandIntroductionsTheislandofIrelandisarelativelybigislandoftheBritishIslesandisthesecondlargestislandinEurope.Theislandcoversanareaof8,400squarekilometers.Ithasapopulationof5.8million.TheIrelandnowiscomposedoftwoparts:theRepublicofIreland,whichisanindependentcountry,andNorth
2、ernIreland,whichispartoftheUK.GeographyTheRepublicofTheIrelandaccountsforabout5/6oftheisland,lyingoffthecoastofnorthwestEurope,borderedonthewestbytheAtlanticOceanandonthenortheastbytheNorthChannel.Themaingeographicalfeaturesarelowcentralplains.Therearenumerousrivers,lakes,bogsscatteringthro
3、ughoutthecountry,whichcontributealottothemagnificentsceneriesoftheIreland.TherepublicofIrelandhasatemperaturemaritimeclimate.Thetemperaturethroughouttheentireislandisahighlyuniform.Greatlyaffectedbythecommonprecipitation;Irelandhasexcessiverainfallwithanaverageof1,000millimetersannually.The
4、biggestcityDublinwhichhasapopulationof1.6millionisthecapital.It’slocatedinDublinBayandisthecommercialandindustrialcenterofIrelandaswellastheprincipalport.Corkisthesecondlargestcitynotedforthereputationforindependencedatingbackto1491.OthermajorcitiesincludeGalway,LimerickandWaterford.History
5、DuringtheearlyperiodofIreland,manyinvasionstookplace.HumanhabitationinIrelanddatesbacktoalmost7,000BC.Themostimportantinvasionoccurredinthe4thcenturyBC,whenGaelsarrivedandestablishedaflourishingGaeliccivilization.In1800,theBritishandIrishParliamentpassedtheActofUnion,leadingIrelandtobecomea
6、nintegralpartoftheUK.IttookgreateffortforIrelandtogainindependence.InJanuary1919,the73IrishMembersofParliamentsetupanIrishParliamentandissuedUnilateralDeclarationIndependence.Intheearly1920s,Anglo-IrishTreatybetweenIrishandBritishParliamentwassignedin1921.Thetreatybroughtaboutprosandcons.Th
7、edivergencebetweenthetwogroupsresultedinabloodyIrishCivilWar.OnDecember29,1937,theConstitutionofIrelandwasapproved,butIrelandstillbelongedtotheCommonwealth.OnApril18,1949,IrelanddeclaredthecompleteindependenceandgotawayfromtheCommonwealth.Britainrecogniz
