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1、摘要蝙蝠物种鉴定方法主要为传统形态鉴定法和分子手段鉴定法。以体型和头骨为基础的形态鉴定法是先前主要手段,然而其鉴定准确度往往依赖于研究者的经验和能力;此外,蝙蝠种属繁多、夜习性、飞行灵活,使得活体捕捉与采集存在实际困难,并且损伤性或非损伤性分子采样对蝙蝠适合度具有一定的负面影响,以上因素使得形态鉴定法和分子手段鉴定法均存在一定缺陷。目前,科研工作者正积极探索其它方法鉴别蝙蝠种类。其中,蝙蝠回声定位声波的声谱-时间参数具有显著物种特异性,已被用于欧洲和北美蝙蝠的物种鉴定。立足此背景,本研究以我国云南省10种代表性回声定位蝙蝠作为研究对象,分别录制其悬挂和飞行状态下回声定位声波,建立物种声波数
2、据库,检验回声定位声波鉴定蝙蝠种类的可行性。判别分析表明物种回声定位声波呈现明显种间差异,且种间差异水平显著高于种内或性别间变异水平。基于脉冲模板的协相关分类检验进一步明确运用回声定位声波鉴定蝙蝠种类具有高准确性,其分类正确率达到99.50%-100%。本论文率先运用协相关分类开展回声定位声波鉴定蝙蝠种类研究,明确了我国云南省代表性蝙蝠的回声定位声波特征,为后续回声定位声波进化研究奠定基础。此外,论文能够为我国蝙蝠野外调查、物种分类及保护管理提供理论借鉴与实地应用。关键词:蝙蝠;回声定位声波;物种鉴定;协相关分类IAbstractBatidentificationcanbemainlyde
3、videdintotwoapproaches,thatis,traditionalmorphologicalidentificationandmolecularidentification.Themorphologicalidentificationbasedonbodyandskullparametershasbeenthedominantmethodinpastyears,yettheaccuracylargelydependsonresearchers’experienceandability.Inaddition,theamazingspeciesdiversityinbats,t
4、ogetherwithnocturnalhabitandpoweredflight,yieldingthepracticaldifficultiesforfieldcaptureandsampling.Ithasbeenshownthatmolecularsamplingfromlivingbatshascertainnegativeinfluenceonthesurvivalofbats.Overall,bothmorphologicalandmolecularidentificationshavevariouslimitations.Asaconsequence,researchers
5、soughttoexploreothermethodstoidentifyspeciesofbats.Inparticular,echolocationcallsinavarietyofbatsexhibitremarkablyspecies-specificinspectro-temporalparameters,whichhavebeensuccessfullyusedforidentifyingbatsdistributedinEuropeandnorthAmerica.Inthisstudy,wefocuson10typicalecholocatingspecies,whichpr
6、oduceconstant-frequencyandfrequency-modulatedsignals,inYunnanprovince,China.Byrecordingtheecholocationsounds,weestablishawidecalldatabaseandthentestthevalidilityofacousticidentificationapproach.Specifically,studyobjectsencompass6speciesfromRhinolophidae,2speciesinVespertilionidae,2speciesofHipposi
7、deridae.Ourmeasureofmahalanobisdistance,togetherwithdiscriminantanalysis,indicatesconsiderableinterspecificvariationincallparameters,andsuchspecies-levelvariationisremarkablygreaterthansexualandcontextvariationwi