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1、第一次作业1.论述水轮机的基本类型和分类方法(1)实际水流利用条件千差万别,各种形式的水轮机可以最大限度的利用水能。1′(2)水轮机可按能量利用特征、水流特征、转轮结构特征分类。1′(3)水轮机的主要类型可以归纳如下:4′(4)水轮机按能量转换特征分为两类,为反击式和冲击式:反击式水轮机既利用水流的动能也利用水流的势能;冲击式水轮机只利用水流的动能。a.反击式水轮机按转轮区内水流相对于主轴流动方向的不同可分为:混流式(水流辐向进,轴向出);轴流式(水流轴向进,轴向出);斜流式(水流沿着与主轴成某一角度的方向流动);贯流式(机组在流道中间,周
2、围过水)。其中:轴流式水轮机根据其转轮叶片在运行中能否转动,可分为:轴流定桨式和轴流转桨式.贯流式水轮机根据其发电机装置形式的不同,可分为:全贯流式和半贯流式。b.冲击式水轮机按射流冲击转轮的方式不同可分为:水斗式、斜击式和双击式三种。2′(5)各种水轮机的适用水头不一样。水斗式水轮机的适用水头约为300~1700m,混流式水轮机约为20~700m,轴流式水轮机约为3~80m,斜流式水轮机约为40~200m,贯流式水轮机约为1~25m。2′全站基槽均为机械开挖,同时为保持一个平整的施工现场,达到文明施工的要求,根据现场情况将所挖出的土、石方
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