虚拟语气 if 假设句.doc

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1、一．分别对过去、现在和未来的假设1、过去发生事情进行假设这时从句动词用haddone，主句用would/should/could/might+havedoneIfyouhadworkedharder,youwouldhavepassedyourexam.Ifyouhadaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.IwouldhavebeeninbadtroubleifJanehadn’thelpedme.Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,wecouldhavebeeninlotsoftrouble.(要不是你的帮助，我们要陷入很大的麻

2、烦)2、对现在情形进行假设这时从句用did和were（be动词都改成were），主句为wouldshould/could/might+doIfIknewhername,Iwouldtellyou.Iwouldperfectlyhappy,ifIhadacar.IfIwererich，Iwouldspendallmytimetraveling.IfmynosewerealittleshorterI’dbequitepretty.Ifitweren’tforthechildren,wecouldgoskiing.要不是孩子们的原因，我们就会去滑雪3、对将来情形假设

3、这时从句有以下三种动词形式1.were/did2.wereto3.should主句为would/should/could/might+do看看下面的例子WhatwouldIdoifIweretolose/shouldlose/lostmyjob？Ifyouweretomoveyourchairabit,wecouldallsitdown.ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,Iwouldnotgoout.Iftheyshouldplay/weretoplay/playedbetternexttime,theywoul

4、dnotfailagain现在我们对这三种情况用图表进行总结假设情形假设句（if从句）结果句（主句）过去haddonewould/should/might/could+havedone现在did/werewould/should/might/could+do将来did/wereweretodoshoulddowould/should/might/could+do上述主句中would最为常用，might=wouldperhaps/wouldpossibly表可能如Ifyouaskedmenicely,Imightbuyyouadrink.could=wouldb

5、eableto表能力如IfIhadanother$500,Icouldbuyacar.二、Ifitweren’tfor…和Ithadn’tbeenfor…Ifitweren’tfor…和Ifithadn’tbeenfor…，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是”。如：　　Ifitweren’tforwater,noplantcouldgrow.要是没有水植物就无法生长。　　Ifithadn’tbeenforyourassistance,wewouldn’thavesucceeded.　　=Butforyourassistance,wewouldn’thavesucc

6、eeded.　　=Withoutyourassistance,wewouldn’thavesucceeded.三、含蓄条件句有些句子中虽然没有出现if，但因为butfor（要不是），otherwise（否则）等词也暗含着假设，所以要用if假设句的主句动词形式。如：Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewastoobusy　　他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了。也就是说，如果那时他不忙，他可以给你更多的帮助。句中buthewastoobusy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙　　Hewouldloseweight,buthe

7、eatstoomuch他本来可以减肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是说，如果他吃得不多的话，他是可以减肥的。句中的butheeatstoomuch实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果他吃得不多。Withoutcarshumanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.(Ifthereweren’tcars,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday)Iamgladyoutoldmeabouttheshowbeingcanceled.OtherwiseIwouldhavetraveledallthewaytoLondonf

8、ornothing.(Otherwis