White Lies(PPT).ppt

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1、善意的谎言曹开颖SA12204058熊伟SA12204060周俊青SA12204922余虎SA12204916徐文才SA12204921小组成员：UriGneezyRadySchoolofManagement,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.Epstein/AtkinsonEndowedChairinBehavioralEconomics,ProfessorofEconomics&Strategy.SanjivEratRadySchoolofManagement,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.Assist

2、antProfessorofInnovation,TechnologyandOperations.IntroductionExperimentsandAnalysisLimitationandFutureStudyReviewLiesAltruisticwhitelies(利他善意谎言):thosethathelpothersattheexpenseofthepersontellingthelie.Paretowhitelies(帕累托善意谎言):thosethathelpbothothersandtheliar.partone2008Mazar2011Gino2012

3、Ginyis2005Gneezy2008Eckel2009CrosonTheoreticalbackgroundTheroleofincentivesinthedecisiontolieGenderdifferencesindecisionmakingHowdoincentivesandgenderdifferencesaffectlyingaversion?Selfishblackliesinvolveactsthathelptheliarattheexpenseofanother.Butsometimesliesmaybenefittheotherperson.If

4、apersonbelievesothersarelikelytomisunderstandthetruthorthatknowledgeofthetruthislikelytoresultindisutilitytoothers,thenlyingmayhelpthoseotherpeople.inhere为什么要说谎？parttwobetween-subjiectdesign(组间设计):测定各实验组与控制组之间的差异或各实验组之间的差异来确定实验结果。每个被试只接受一个水平的处理，结果反映的是处理间的差异。within-subjectdesign(组内设计):又称“

5、重复测量设计”，每个被试要接受所有自变量水平的处理，消除了被试的个体差异对实验的影响。IV:IncentivesGenderDV:Lyingaversion(fractionoflies)CV:second-orderbeliefsBetween-SubjectDesign3Thereweretwopaymentoptions,AandB.Ifthereceiverchosetherealoutcomeofthedieroll,pay-mentoptionAwouldbeimplemented.Otherwise,bothwouldbepaidaccordingtoo

6、ptionB1Thesixpossiblemessagesare“theoutcomeoftherollofdiewasi,”whereibelongsto{1,2,3,4,5,6}.Thesenderwastoldthepaymentintheexperimentwoulddependonachoicemadebythereceiver.TheDeceptionGameTheexperimentwasconductedinaclassroomsetting.The517subjectswhoparticipatedwereundergraduatestudentsta

7、kingintroductorycoursesinmanagement.Procedure在分析结果之前，我们先讨论一下在大样本空间里怎么解决复杂欺骗的问题。假设某sender更偏向于选择B，即。他相信概率为p的receiver将不信任自己传递的信息而从另外5个数字中任选一个。于是他传递真实信息所获得的期望值是，而他传递虚假信息所获得的期望值是。那么，一个sender将致力于玩复杂欺骗的条件是即。（Sutter2009）ResultsHence,therestofthediscussionassumesthatsendersexpectt