厦大 规模经济、不完全竞争和国际贸易.ppt

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1、CHAPTER6ECONOMICSOFSCALE,IMPERFECTCOMPETITION,ANDINTERNATIONALTRADETheImitationLagHypothesisTheImitationLagHypothesisMichaelV.Posner(1961)Imitationlag-demandlag=netlagTheProductCycleTheoryMichaelV.Posner(1966)Atypical“newproduct”(F2)DynamiccomparativeadvantageTest:thereshouldbeapositivecorrel

2、ationbetweenR&Dexpendituresandsuccessfulexportperformancebyindustry.Dinopoulos,OehmkerandSegerstrom(1993)ThetradepatternintheProductCycleTheorytimeProduction,consumptionofproductproductionconsumptionNewproductstageMaturingproductstageStandardizedproductstageExportsImportsTheLinderTheoryStaffanB

3、urenstamLinder(1961)Demand-orientedOverlappingdemandInternationaltradeinmanufacturedgoodswillbemoreintensebetweencountrieswithsimilarpercapitaincomelevelsthanbetweencountrieswithdissimilarpercapitaincomelevels.Tests:thegreaterthedifferencebetweenthepercapitaincomesofcountryanditstradingpartner,

4、thelessintenselythetwocountrieswilltradewitheachother.OverlappingDemandsintheLinderModelIncomelevelsGoodsABHGFEDCICountry1’sincomeCountry1’sdemandandproductionCountry2’sdemandandproductionCountry2’sincomeTheKempModelMurrayC.Kemp(1964)Economiesofscale(externaleconomies)andaconvexPPFAmultitudeoft

5、radingpossibilitiesXYAConvex-to-the-OriginPPFXYPX/PYEGNMTheConvexPPFandDifferentPossibleTOTXYPX/PYEFMNTOT1TOT2TOT3Theexistenceofeconomiesofscalegeneratesconsiderableuncertaintyconcerningtheproductionandtradepattern.QP,CDACSWISSQSPSACCHINAQCQCExternalEconomicsandSpecializationTheKrugmanModelPaul

6、Krugman(1979)Economiesofscale(internaltothefirm)andmonopolisticcompetitionAverageVersusMarginalCostmonopolyQMPD=ARMRMCPMACMonopolisticcompetitionQPDToyotaDMRMCQMPMNP,CCCPPN1N0EquilibriuminaMonopolisticallyCompetitiveMarketNP,CCCPPN0EffectsofaLargerMarketN1贸易前A国市场贸易前B国市场贸易后一体化市场汽车总销售量90000016000

7、002500000厂商数6810每个厂商销售量150000200000250000平均成本1000875800市场价格1000875800EquilibriumintheAutomobileMarketTradeinaWorldWithoutIncreasingReturnsTradeWithIncreasingReturnsandMonopolisticCompetitionOtherPost-H-OtheoriesReciprocaldumpingmo