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1、PassiveVoice一.何时使用被动语态1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要Paperismadefromwood.Hewaswoundedinthefight.2.需要强调动作的承受者时Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn'tbetakenaway.Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.3为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbec
2、ompletedbytheendofnextmonth.Electricityisusedtorunmachines.二.被动语态的构成be+done可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式,被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj.不带by短语。Thequestionissettled.(系表结构)Suchquestionsaresettledbyus.(被动语态)Thecompositioniswellwritten.(系表结构)Thecompositioniswrittenwithgreatcare.(被动
3、语态)2许多verbs(broken,interested,shut,worried),既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词.句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。Iwasworriedaboutyouallnight.(表状态)Iwasworriedbymosquitoesallnight.表动作TheglasswasbrokenbyJack.(表动作)Theglassisbroken.(表状态)三.不同形式的被动语态含有直宾和间宾的主动结构,变为被动时可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语
4、。Heshowedmehispictures.Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.Auntmademeanewdress.Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt.Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.2含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。（1）将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。TheycallherXiaoLi.SheiscalledXiaoLi.（2)make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.H既动词后变做
5、宾补的不定式一般不加to,变为被动,必须加to.MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIyoung.Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.Shewasheardtomoveaboutinherroomuptairslastnight.DidyouseeJacktakeawaythemagazine?WasJackseentotakeawaythe
6、magazine?3.情态动词的被动语态。是由情态V+be+p.p.构成Theycannotfindhim.Hecannotbefound.Youmustpaymeforthis.Imustbepaidforthis.4.短语V的被动语态一般来讲，只有及物V才有被动语态,因为只有vt才能有动作的承受者;但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当与及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语V是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的prep或adv.这样的短语有：lookafter,listento,lo
7、okat,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,makeuseofTheyhadputoutthefirebeforethefire—brigadearrived.Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefire-brigadearrived.5.有些动词用主动形式表被动含义.Thegoodssellswell.Thedoorcan'topen.6.有些词如want,need,require和beworth后面v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。Theroomneeds/want
8、s/requirescleaning.Thebookisworthreading.7.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it.WeknowthatBritainisanislandcountr
