考研英语阅读例题：Searchandemploy求职与雇佣

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1、Searchandemploy求职与雇佣[2010.10.14]TheEconomistTWOcoconuttreesgrowontheverandaoftheChitradurgaemploymentexchangeinIndia'sKarnatakastate,whereKalandarKhan,ayoungmemberofthestatecivilservice,holdsjobsfairsandrecruitmentrallies.Asnapshotonhismobilephoneshowstheverandathrongedwithpotentialap

2、plicantsforanambulance-driverpost.AnothershowsaneventforBharatFertiliser:again,standing-roomonly.MrKhan'stask一matchingjob-seekersfromavarietyofbackgroundstoemployerswithquitespecificrequirements——isnoteasy.Manyofthoseregisteredonhisexchangelacktheskillsthatemployersrequire.MrKhanishar

3、dlyaloneinworryingaboutamismatchbetweenworkersabilitiesandthejobsonoffer.HalfWayaroundtheworld,somereckonthatmanyunemployedAmericanslacktheskillsneededtofillthosejobsthatarebeingcreatedasthecountryemergesfromrecession.Othersblamedeficientdemandforthecountry'sstubbornlyhighunemployment

4、.Stillotherspointtothehousingbust,whichhashamperedAmericanhomeownersabilitytomovetowherenewjobsarebeingcreated・Divergentastheyare,theseopinionsaboutAmerica'spersistentlyhighunemploymentrateareallbasedonasimilarconceptualviewofthelabourmarket.Itisseenasamechanismforpairingpeoplewithjob

5、sinwhichmatchingcannottakeplaceinstantaneously.Thiswayofthinkingaboutthejobsmarketandunemploymentowesanintellectualdebttoresearchonmarketswithsearchfrictionscarriedoutinthe1970sand1980sbyPeterDiamondoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,DaleMortensenofNorthwesternUniversityandChrist

6、opherPissaridcsoftheLondonSchoolofEconomics.OnOctober11ththeywereawardedthisyear'sNobelprizeforeconomicsfortheirwork.Theeconomists5approachtotheseissueswasasharpbreakfromthenormintheearly1970s,whenstandardeconomicmodelsmostlytreatedlabourasacommoditywhichhadtheworker'swageasitsprice・T

7、herecouldbenounemploymentinthesimplestversionsofthesemodels,becausewageswouldfallinstantaneouslytoeliminateit.True,feweconomiststookthesesimplemodelsliterally:lotsofresearchwasdonetomodifytheirassumptionsandgeneratemorerealisticresults,oftenbymakingitharderforwagestofall.Buteventhemod

8、ified